OBSERVATIONAL STUDY DESIGNS A clinical pediatric nurse has noticed a rise in childhood asthma diagnoses among the Hispanic population served by the local clinic. The nurse is concerned about this increase in asthma incidence in the patient population and turns to the literature to explore current research on this topic. The nurse finds, through the reading, that there appears to be an association between parental smoking and childhood asthma and wonders if this could be the cause of the rise in cases. This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma. In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies. This type of suspected association between a risk factor (exposure) and a particular outcome (childhood asthma) can be evaluated using an observational study design. A relevant case-control study would match a group of controls (no asthma) with the case group (asthma diagnosis). Both groups would then be assessed on certain historical exposures like (a) family history; (b) early childhood respiratory infections; (c) secondhand smoke exposure; (d) urban residence (ozone); and (e) obesity. Measures might include interviews, surveys, and medical records. If results show the case group has a higher rate of exposure to a given risk factor, the researcher may conclude that exposure results in greater odds of asthma. In any epidemiological study, the design and methodology used should be appropriate for that study and for the research question. It is important for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each of the study designs and methods. This gives them a better chance of correctly interpreting results and synthesizing them for use in developing and implementing evidence-based population health programs. For this Discussion, you will explore the strengths and limitations of various types of observational study designs and critique their appropriateness for specific studies. RESOURCES Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. WEEKLY RESOURCES TO PREPARE: Review the different types of observational study designs presented in the Learning Resources: ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort. Carefully examine the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each design. Consider when it is appropriate to use each of the observational study designs. Consider how using observational study designs can lead to improvements in population health. By Day 1 of this week, you should have received a communication from your Instructor assigning you to a small group to review two specific articles. Review the two articles your group was assigned, with a critical eye toward the researchers’ use of study design and their selected methods. Although several students will be assigned the same articles, this is NOT a group project; please submit your Discussion posts individually. You will then have the opportunity to discuss and share your thoughts with your colleagues. In your assigned group area: Post a brief description of the two studies you were assigned, with a particular focus on the study design and methods. Then: Describe at least one strength and one limitation of each study’s design. Identify the population, data sources, and epidemiologic measures of association that the authors used. Finally, share your insights about the appropriateness of the design for the study. Do you agree with the researchers’ choice of design? Do you agree with the researchers’ conclusions? Justify your reasoning.
Paper The paper should respond to the following questions: Describe the problem to be solved. Be sure to consider any equity issues that may be associated with your topic. Some examples: Urban heat islands: What are the health and safety Impacts of urban heat Islands? How big is the problem? Who is affected? What areas and populations are most vulnerable? Net zero buildings: What Is the contribution of residential and commercial buildings to GHG emissions? what are the main sources of GHG emissions In this sector? Is there a relationship between GHG emissions and building characteristics? Discuss solutions that have been proposed or implemented. Are there any examples of success stories? Some examples: Urban heat Islands: Tree planting Is widely advocated to reduce heat Islands. Is this an effective strategy? What types of programs have been Implemented, and where? Managed retreat: one strategy to reduce coastal development Is to allow Insurance markets to withdraw coverage from high risk areas. Is this an effective strategy? What are your recommendations for solutions? What specific policies would be required? What technologies or technological advances are required? What Is the role of the private and public sectors? What financial costs are Involved, and who would pay?
Hi, I have a project due in about 5 hours for my environmental 120 class. I will leave the directions below. Please follow all directions and make it on microsoft power point. Feel free to reach out with any further questions. Thank you! Presentation Content Prior to posting to this assignment, make sure you have reviewed the associated information within the project module. The PowerPoint presentation should have the following parameters and outline: Your presentation should consist of a minimum of 10 slides, including: A title slide: which includes your name and the title of your project. Be creative with your title, perhaps tailor it to one or two things about your country's unsustainable practice(s). A traditional title (like your country's name only) is fine of course but won’t earn you all 5points for the title slide. Try and come up with a creative, more interesting/attention capturing title! Introduction of the country slide(s): some basic facts regarding your country of choice (size, location, population, etc.).Include a map (or several). Slides with informative data and maps/graphs on: Demographics Economics Natural Resources Transportation Slide(s) containing information on anon-sustainable area of the country Slide(s) containing recommendations to make this country more sustainable Conclusion slide(s)
Hi, I have this final project powerpoint due at the end of today and need someone to do it for me. It needs to be done on microsoft powerpoint only. I will attach the directions below. PLEASE FOLLOW EVERY DIRECTION. Please let me know if you have any further questions. Thank you. Presentation Content Prior to posting to this assignment, make sure you have reviewed the associated information within the project module. The PowerPoint presentation should have the following parameters and outline: Your presentation should consist of a minimum of 10 slides, including: A title slide: which includes your name and the title of your project. Be creative with your title, perhaps tailor it to one or two things about your country's unsustainable practice(s). A traditional title (like your country's name only) is fine of course but won’t earn you all 5points for the title slide. Try and come up with a creative, more interesting/attention capturing title! Introduction of the country slide(s): some basic facts regarding your country of choice (size, location, population, etc.).Include a map (or several). Slides with informative data and maps/graphs on: Demographics Economics Natural Resources Transportation Slide(s) containing information on anon-sustainable area of the country Slide(s) containing recommendations to make this country more sustainable Conclusion slide(s) References slide. Be sure to cite all necessary content (information, images, maps, etc.) in MLA format.
Instructions from professor: Each team member will prepare a written and verbal introduction (who they are and what is their background) and an actual name that will fit with the character (ex., for the US. Army Corp of Engineers: Karen J. Baker (Acting Chief of the Environmental Division).If you are lost, you will need to do some research on what characters are in this case study based on what stakeholder group you are assigned. This should be a paragraph (5-8 sentences) in length for each member. Each team member will gather as much information as possible about the played character(s) and their position/stance to be used during the townhall discussion. (Tips numerical and historical data are very useful in this debates). Instructions from me: There will be two problems (listed below) and my chosen stakeholders. Write the introductory paragraph for each (2 paragraphs total, one for each). Aside from this, write some information about these stakeholders that would make me understand their position/stance on the matter of discussion. Basically, I need this information to get to know the stakeholders. Problem 1: Decline of the Atlantic Blue Fin (Thunnus Thynnus) Proposition: Rigid regulations for Blue Fin Tuna to promote the recovery of the population Stakeholder: Cay islands(high income). Owner of big boats, private houses (and maybe a whole island) Problem 2: Modification of the boundaries of the Marine National Park and declaring non-take areas. Background- Biscayne Bay National Marine Park was established in 1959; recent administration revised the management plan including a revision of scientific data about the status of the park. The main conclusions were: a- The area protected by the park does not include the main different habitats representative of the region. b- The park has none “No-take area” c-Important ecological areas, such as spawning areas are no protected d-The park has a proposal to expand its boundaries to include some non-take areas that might help overcome the detected problem Stakeholder: Commercial and sport fishermen as well as restaurant owner.
1. US Federal wetland policy since the Bush era has been "No Net Loss". What does that mean? 2. What is mitigation banking? What role does it play in "No Net Loss." 3. Do you think mitigation banking has been successful in upholding 'no net loss'? Why or why not? 4. What recent policies are changing wetland management? https://www.investopedia.com/articles/dictionary/031615/understanding-basics-mitigation-banking.aspLinks to an external site.
This assignment is an opportunity for you to delve more deeply into a topic related to the course that is of interest to you. The paper should be at least 10 pages double-spaced and is worth 50 points. A separate document will be posted under Unit 1 that will provide more detail on this assignment including expectations, APA style of publication, and a grading rubric. • A one-page proposal about your paper topic including 5 references is due by the third week of the course. • Final Paper – due on week nine of the semester. • Paper Presentation – is also due by week nine. Your paper
The word document is instruction on how to complete the lab and the way to complete the lab is to finish the excel part with it. Everything is provided. Please answer the way the question is asking for each. For this assignment there is no research required. Just answer the way the question are asking step by step and match the answer with the question, so it easy to follow.
