Expert Answers

Description Week 3discussion Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: As you contemplate starting a new business, how do you determine if there is a genuine need for your product or service? Based on the need Ngozi Opara has identified, do you feel her business will be sustainable in the long run? Why or why not? Do you feel the hydration product Allen Lim has introduced will continue to meet the need of his target market over time? Why or why not? What is the best test to confirm that people need and want your product? week 5 discussion Change is a difficult thing to navigate for many people and many organizations, but change is needed to grow. Employees and employers alike need managers to support change and go beyond accepting it to normalize change. Discuss strategies managers can use for creating positive, organizational change with their teams. How does collaboration influence positive organizational change? Provide an example scenario to illustrate the implementation of one strategy. week 5 assignment To prepare for the Week 6 Assessment, you will complete an organizational change chart, like you did in Week 1, only this time for a well-known multi-national corporation. Choose an organization such as Samsung, Starbucks, Ford Motor Company, or Waste Management that implemented a major change. For example, a sustainability initiative at Starbucks or Apple making FaceTime available to non-Apple users. Analyze the organization’s change process based on Kotter’s 8 Steps to Leading Change using the Organizational Change Chart. Make sure to complete a new analysis, do not copy any information from a previous week. (Uploaded) Consider questions such as the following as you complete your analysis: Do you think this was a positive organizational change? Why or why not? What strategies and tactics do you think would be effective in creating positive organizational change? What strategies and tactics might have worked better? UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW 7:52 ? 5G+ LDR/535 v4 University of Phoenix® Organizational Change Chart Organizational Information Select an organization that needed a change to its culture as you complete the organizational change information chart. For each type of information listed in the first column, include details about the organization in the second column. Indicate your suggested actions for improvement in the third column. Type Vision Suggested Actions for Improvement Details Insert the organization's vision. Mission Insert the organization's mission. Purpose Insert the organization's purpose. Values Insert a list of the organization's values. Diversity and Equity Insert the types of the diversity and equity Inclusion Goal Strategy observed in the organization. Insert examples of overall involvement of diverse groups inclusion in decision-making and process change. Identify the goal set for organizational change. Identify the implementation strategies followed to implement the organizational change. Communication Identify the communication methods used to communicate organizational change and the change progress. Organizational Perceptions Considering the same organizational culture and change goal, rate your agreement from 1 to 5 in the second column with the statement in the first column. Use the following scale: 1. Strongly disagree 2. Somewhat disagree 3. Neither agree nor disagree 4. Somewhat agree 5. Strongly agree Statement Employees know the organization's vision. Rating (1-5) Employees know the organization's mission. Employees know the organization's purpose. Employees know the organization's values. Overall, the organization is diverse and equitable. Diverse groups are included in decision making and processes for change. The change goal was successfully met. The implementation strategies were effective. The organization's communication about the change was effective. Kotter's 8-Steps to Change Consider the goal for organizational change that you identified and the existing organizational culture. For each of Kotter's 8-Steps to Change listed in the first column, rate whether you observed that step during the implementation process in the second column. Use the following scale to rate your observation: 1. Never observed 2. Rarely observed 3. Sometimes observed 4. Often observed Identify actions you suggest for improvement in the third column. Step Name Step 1: Create Urgency. Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition. Rating (14) Suggested Actions for Improvement Step 3: Create a Vision for Change. Step 4: Communicate the Vision. Step 5: Remove Obstacles. Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins. Step 7: Build on the Change. Step 8: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture. ultimedia.phoenix.edu

Description Directions: You just started your new position as a Portfolio Manager at a wealth management company. You have been asked to create a stock portfolio to offer clients. Specifically, they would like you to create a 10 stock portfolio that follows a goal or objective. Given your role and the size of the firm, they have asked you to select the investments and run risk vs. reward analysis. You must classify your portfolio as one of the following strategies: Conservative: This strategy has a focus on preserving capital. This would include companies that have been around for a long time, been through market fluctuations, and likely offer income to shareholders through dividends. Moderate: This strategy has a focus on balancing risk and reward. Designed to preserve capital, but also take on some risk to have higher returns than inflation. This would include a combination of medium to large capitalization companies that have proven consistent growth. Aggressive: This strategy is to maximize returns by taking higher risk (relative to other investments). Designed for clients to stay in over long periods of time to withstand market fluctuations. The companies in this strategy are likely small to medium in capitalization, relatively volatile in price, and reinvest earnings to keep up with growth. The firm has suggested that you adhere to two rules: Select ten stocks that you believe as a portfolio represent the strategy (risk/reward) Always diversify! This can be done by geography, industry, etc. After selecting your strategy and deciding on your portfolio: Collect price information for a recent 5 year time horizon from Yahoo! Finance (finance.yahoo.com) as follows: Enter the stock symbol. On that page click “Historical Data” For the time period, enter the “start date” and the “end date” as a recent five year period. For example: Jan 1, 2018 - Jan 1, 2023. Choose the frequency as monthly. Click “Apply”. Highlight the data from the chart. Copy and then paste the data into Excel. Delete all the columns except the date and the adjusted close. This takes into account any stock splits and dividends paid. Label the adjusted close to the name of the stock selected. Enter the next stock symbol in the main search box and search for the next stock. Do this for all 10 stocks. In addition, do this for the symbol “SPY”, the Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) for the S&P 500. Use this data to estimate the overall market. Repeat the same steps above for each stock, maintaining the same time frame. Make sure the first and last prices are in the same rows and lined up correctly. Convert these stock prices to monthly percent change (hint: create a separate worksheet within the Excel file). Compute the mean monthly returns and standard deviations for the monthly returns of each of the stocks. Convert the statistics to annual for easier interpretation (multiply the mean return by 12, and the standard deviation by square root of 12: ?12). You should now have an annual risk (standard deviation) vs. return for each stock selected. Add a column in your Excel worksheet with the average return across stocks for each month (not including SPY). As a heading (title), label it “Portfolio”. This is the monthly return of an equally weighted portfolio of these 10 stocks. Compute the mean and standard deviation of monthly returns for the equally weighted portfolio. Convert these monthly statistics to annual (see step 3). In addition to the 10 stocks, portfolio, and SPY calculated statistics, look up the symbol “^TNX”. The current price of the 10-year treasury can be used as a risk-free rate. With all of the statistics gathered, create an Excel plot with the annual standard deviation (volatility) on the x-axis and annual average return on the y-axis. You should create the Securities Market Line (SML) with the risk-free rate and market return (SPY). The SML should look similar to page 268 of the textbook (standard deviation on x-axis). All the axis, data points, should be labeled and presented in a professional manner. Create three columns on your spreadsheet with the statistics you solved. The first column will have the ticker (symbol) and “Portfolio”, the second will have annual standard deviation, and the third will have annual mean return. The table should include all 10 stocks selected, the Portfolio, SPY, and ^TNX (standard deviation = 0). Highlight the data in the last two columns (standard deviation and mean), choose: > Insert > Chart > XY Scatter Plot. Complete the chart wizard with labels, titles, and headings. Write a 1-2 page paper with: Introduction: Identify the strategy, the goal or objective, and what portfolio you selected. Body/Analysis: Compare and contrast the investments from a risk / reward perspective over the last five years. Describe the graph provided in the spreadsheet created. What do you notice about the average of the volatilities with the individual stocks compared to the volatility of the equally weighted portfolio? What is the advantage of owning the portfolio? What is above, below, and on the SML? Conclusion: Summarize the findings from your portfolio analysis. Provide any insight about future investment. Deliverables: Upload the Word document and Excel file to the Assignments Week 8 folder. Make sure to cite the sources using APA format.

Description Week4 finance discussion ALTERNATIVES TO BANKRUPTCY What are the pros and cons of filing bankruptcy? What alternatives are out there? Is it moral not to pay creditors? When collectively considering the moral and long-term implications for declaring bankruptcy, how wise of an action is it really? Week 4 assignment finance Develop a plan for managing your debt. How many sources of debt do you currently have, and what are the balances owed on each? What specific behavioral steps do you personally need to take to match your debt aspirations with your debt reality? How will you practically implement these steps? Use the attached assignment document to complete and submit for grading. (Uploaded) week 4 computer discussion SUM The SUM function is the most commonly used function in spreadsheets which is covered this week in our learning materials. Describe a scenario where you could personally use the SUM function in a worksheet and briefly discuss what factors you would consider in deciding to take the time to set up SUM functions in a spreadsheet vs. just manually updating totals with a calculator. Additionally, submit an Excel spreadsheet as an attachment that contains a column of at least three values and a Total row at the bottom that uses the SUM function to add those cells. To better showcase your data, look to label your values in a column to the left and label your Total row. Feel free to get creative with formatting, the kind of numerical values you are adding, and your subject matter. Include your full name in a cell below your data. (Remember: do not include any personal data from you or friends/family in these submissions) Week 4 computer assignment Computer Applications for Business – Week 4 Assignment MS Excel: Comparing Televisions Start with a new spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel online or installed version of Microsoft Excel with no template applied. A template is not allowed for assignment. NOTE:You will not need to use files from the textbook for the assignment Apply your creative thinking and problem-solving skills to design and implement a solution. Part 1 You are shopping for a new television and want to compare the prices of three televisions. Research new televisions. • Create a worksheet that compares the type, size, and the price for each television, as well as the costs to add an extended warranty. • Use the concepts and techniques presented in this Excel module 1 to calculate the average price of a television and average cost of an extended warranty and to format the worksheet. • Include a chart to compare the different television costs. Part 2 Based upon the data you found, how could you chart the information to show the comparisons? Which chart would be the best to use? Answer these questions in comments or submission text area when submitting.. Save the file as CS155Week4lastnamefirstname. Ensure that you use yourlastname and firstname in the filename. The following areas will be part of grading criteria: • Descriptive title, subtitle, and headings • Data included • Type, size, and price of each television included • Average function used to average price of televisions • Average function used to average cost of extended warranty • Total for television and extended warranty for each using sum function • Total results formatted as currency displaying $ symbols • Sheet formatted • Columns adjusted so that text is not cut off, and excess space is minimized • Chart type appropriate for data it represents • Chart title is descriptive of contents • Chart formatted so that data makes sense and is easy to read • Part 2 questions answered • Correct filename Save file after completing and submit work by attaching file to week 4 assignment submission area. UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW 1 7:58 5G+ 0 + Personal Debt Management - W4A FIN210 Develop a plan for managing your debt. How many sources of debt do you current have, and what are the balances owed on each? What specific behavioral steps do you personally need to take to match your debt aspirations with your debt reality? How will you practically implement these steps? Criteria: The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded: • Write a minimum of 400 words (approximately two pages) using Microsoft Word. Attempt APA style. • • Use font size 12 and 1" margins. • Include cover page and reference page. • • • • • • At least 60 percent of your paper must be original content/writing. No more than 40 percent of your content/information may come from references. Use at least two references from outside the course. Textbook, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the two reference requirement. Reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) must be identified in the paper and listed on a reference page. Reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) must come from sources such as, scholarly journals, online newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal, government websites, etc. Sources such as Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, etc. are not acceptable. < ??? n-saas.blackboard.com Purchase answer to see full attachment

Description UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW FACULTY OF BUSINESS & LAW MSC INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT CSR DISCLOSURE AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE IN THE UK SUPERMARKET INDUSTRY Module Name and Code: Independent Study Project: Strategy, Marketing and Innovation (M33561) Student Name: Apple Mahmud Supervisor Name: Gerhard Bezuidenhout Student number: 2299958 Date of Submission: 0 Abstract This paper analyses the quality of the CSR and ESG disclosure between four large UK-based supermarkets (Tesco, ASDA, Morrisons, and Sainsbury’s) in 2022-2024. Through content analysis of 298 disclosure statements, it was found that there was an industry-wide quality enhancement of 21.4% between 2022 and 2023, with environmental reporting showing the best results (3.7 average) and governance the worst (2.9 average). Sainsbury had leadership (3.4 to 3.9) whilst Tesco had transformational improvement (2.4 to 3.6). The qualitative analysis reveals that retailers incorporated ESG into the executive compensation (25 percent of the Performance Share Plans) and components of steering groups. Financial health facilitated the ability to invest in sustainability by saving £1.2-1.3 billion through cost reduction and investing in the ESG initiatives and £150-500 million in the workforce in times of economic strains. There are also major weaknesses in terms of transparency: measures of the environment are always measured in a meticulous sense of carbon tracking, but governance indicators are not very standardized in terms of linking executive compensation and board representation. The measures of the social aspect differ significantly, where community investments are entirely reported, but the indicators of employee diversity are not yet fully reported. The next competitive frontier is governance transparency and complex stakeholder disclosure, which has become an industry standard after environmental reporting. Stakeholder trust has now been pegged into detailed and quantified reporting on the entire ESG spectrum. Keywords: CSR disclosure, ESG reporting, UK supermarkets, Sustainability, Transparency, Corporate Governance 1 Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Research Aim .................................................................................................................. 6 Literature Review ................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Theoretical Foundations of CSR Disclosure................................................................... 7 2.2 CSR Communication Strategies ..................................................................................... 8 2.3 Contemporary Research on Disclosure Quality .............................................................. 8 2.4 Sector-Specific Applications and Challenges ................................................................. 9 2.5 Research Gaps and Implications ..................................................................................... 9 Methodology .........................................................................................................................11 3.1 Prepare the Data .............................................................................................................11 3.2 Define the Unit of Analysis............................................................................................11 3.3 Develop Categories and Coding Scheme ...................................................................... 13 3.4 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................. 14 Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 15 4.1 Preliminary Quantitative Overview .............................................................................. 15 4.2 Analytical Framework Validation ................................................................................. 15 4.3 Overall CSR Performance............................................................................................. 17 4.4 CSR Performance by Category (2022-2024 Average) .................................................. 18 2 4.5 Time-Based Analysis .................................................................................................... 19 4.6 Qualitative Content Analysis of CSR Disclosures ........................................................ 20 4.7 Financial Review .......................................................................................................... 23 5. Results and Discussion........................................................................................................ 24 6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 27 7. References ............................................................................................................................ 29 8.0 Appendices ............................................................................................................................. 33 Appendix 1 Profiling Table of Literature Review .................................................................... 33 Appendix 2 Synthesis Table ..................................................................................................... 34 Appendix 3: Raw Data From annual Reports ........................................................................... 37 Appendix 4: Ethics Form .......................................................................................................... 99 List of Tables Table 1: Unit Categorization Framework ..................................................................................... 12 Table 2: Quality Assessment Scale and Dimensions.................................................................... 13 Table 3: Coding Scheme Validation - Tesco Sample Extract ....................................................... 15 Table 4: Reliability and Scale Statistics ....................................................................................... 16 Table 5: Item Analysis and Correlations ..................................................................................... 17 Table 6: CSR Performance by Company and Year ...................................................................... 17 3 Table 7: CSR Performance by Category (2022-2024 Average) ................................................... 18 Table 8: Time-Based Analysis (Companies with Multi-Year Data) ............................................. 19 Table 9: Comparative Analysis of CSR, ESG Governance, and Strategic Priorities ................... 20 4 1. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the voluntary initiatives that businesses undertake to address social, environmental, and ethical concerns alongside their economic goals (Wirba, 2024). The concept gained prominence in the mid-20th century when scholars and practitioners began recognizing that firms hold responsibilities beyond profit maximization. Carroll’s (1991) Pyramid of CSR, which highlights economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities, remains one of the most influential frameworks in defining its scope. Over time, globalization, environmental challenges, and corporate scandals intensified the call for greater accountability, leading to the evolution of CSR as a central element of corporate governance and stakeholder management (tKusyk, 2021). In today’s business environment, CSR is closely linked to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks, which provide measurable benchmarks for disclosure and performance evaluation (Alsayegh et al., 2020). Consumers, investors, and regulators increasingly expect companies to demonstrate transparency, sustainability, and social impact, making CSR not just a reputational tool but also a strategic necessity. In industries with complex supply chains, such as the UK supermarket sector, CSR has become particularly significant, as companies are under pressure to address issues like fair trade, carbon emissions, plastic reduction, and community support. Thus, CSR has transformed from a philanthropic add-on into an integral part of corporate strategy that directly influences long-term competitiveness and financial performance. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the environment have become a critical tool for firms to pursue their ethical behaviour, build stakeholders' trust, and improve long-term competitiveness (Li et al., 2020). Transparency and visibility are crucial given the high profile of the sector in an industry with complex supply chains and where the consumer is demanding more. FMCGB companies like Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Morrisons, and ASDA have developed exhaustive sustainability programs and ESG Disclosure policies to live up to their growing stakeholder's expectations and their appetite for regulation in this domain. 5 Supermarkets are now more and more pressured to reduce their environmental impact and to undertake corporate social responsibility, and to do so in such a way that it is honest and convincing with regard to investors, regulatory agencies and customers (Megale, 2020). While the literature has widely investigated CSR and ESG, and its impact on firm performance, very few studies have focused on the effects of such disclosures on the performance of UK supermarket companies. Differences in the quality and strategy of the disclosure have called into question the way they actually influence the economic and financial aspects, the operational risk, customers' loyalty, and the brand image. The motivation for this study lies in the growing significance of CSR and ESG disclosures in driving firm performance. In the UK supermarket industry, where competition and consumer expectations are high, companies such as Tesco, ASDA, Morrisons, and Sainsbury’s are increasingly judged on their sustainability practices. Understanding how CSR reporting influences brand image, customer loyalty, and long-term competitiveness is essential. This study is therefore motivated by the need to provide practical insights on how supermarkets can strategically use sustainability disclosures to build trust and create lasting value. 1.1 Research Questions • What is the extent and quality of CSR and ESG disclosure of selected companies in the UK supermarket industry?” • How consistent are the CSR and ESG disclosure practices across Tesco, ASDA, Morrisons, and Sainsbury’s?” 1.2 Research Aim • To evaluate the extent and quality of CSR and ESG disclosures of Tesco, ASDA, Morrisons, and Sainsbury’s. • To compare and analyze the differences and consistencies in CSR and ESG reporting practices among the selected UK supermarkets. • To assess how CSR and ESG disclosures contribute to stakeholder trust, brand image, and overall firm performance. 6 2. Literature Review This literature review explores the theoretical basis and up-to-date research addressing the CSR disclosure practices. This chapter starts with the pyramid of CSR and integration of the institutional-stakeholder theory as proposed by Carroll, where organizations strike a balance between conflicting duties and stresses. Then it examines the communication strategy that drives the degree of stakeholder engagement, beginning with one-way information delivery and ending with collaborative stakeholder engagement. 2.1 Theoretical Foundations of CSR Disclosure The emergence of CSR disclosure by corporations has transformed what was initially an optional practice of charity reporting into a systematic process, which implies building a strong theoretical base to understand the underlying causes as well as the differences in the actual practice of CSR reporting. The pyramidal structure of CSR, as described by Carroll (1991), helps us to establish the necessary framework in which corporations can attain the highest level of responsibility to their stakeholders. This paradigm concludes that economic profitability has to be the baseline, although businesses increasingly have to take care of legal aspects, ethical issues, and philanthropic endeavors. The model has been used worldwide regardless of economic context, but its hierarchical nature simplifies the interrelationship dynamics of the responsibility dimensions in the modern business world. Herold (2018) builds on the work conducted by Carroll and provides a theoretical explanation of the differences in sustainability reporting practices by incorporating institutional theory and stakeholder theory over the traditional explanations offered by institutional theory. Institutional theory helps to explain why firms in an industry will tend to gravitate towards a common disclosure form and, indeed, institutionalize it in their reporting standards and formats, as a form of field-level isomorphism. Stakeholder theory also holds that managers consider the salience of various audiences in the design of the disclosure planning and the powerful focus of management content. Herold critically identifies that the theories work at different levels of analysis, such that institutional forces cause convergence at the sector levels, whereas stakeholder considerations cause differentiation at firm levels in terms of the depth and focus of disclosures. 7 2.2 CSR Communication Strategies The strategic aspect of CSR disclosure is related to the effectiveness of communication and engagement strategies with stakeholders. Morsing and Schultz (2006) offer a theoretical basis that defines three different CSR communication approaches that permit a growing depth of stakeholder participation. The stakeholder information strategy is one way companies communicate their level of achievement and actions without consulting stakeholders. The twoway communications feature of stakeholder response strategy is managed by the companies, which solicit stakeholder opinions on the company's CSR performance and priorities. The most advanced approach, one of the stakeholder involvement strategies, emphasizes the joint development of a CSR initiative through continuous dialogue and partnership building. Such communication efforts have significant consequences for credibility and trust-building, especially at a time when stakeholder expectations regarding authentic engagement have been increasing. The option of information sharing, consultative dialogue, and participatory engagement will indicate the maturity of the organizations in integrating CSR and their commitment to a more profound sense of relationships with stakeholders, instead of compliance reporting. 2.3 Contemporary Research on Disclosure Quality Literature overview of recent studies indicates more systematic trends on factors explaining the quality of CSR disclosures in various situations. In one study, Abdul Latif et al. (2023) examine plantation companies in Malaysia, finding that factors associated with internal governance also have a significant role in the determination of disclosure sophistication. Their study finds board composition and specifically gender diversity, as well as the presence of a sustainability committee, to be key factors in reporting quality. The analysis finds a positive relationship between family ownership and disclosure, and that concentrated ownership of CEOs hinders disclosure. The results indicate that the governance structure is more important than external compliance requirements after the basis reporting standards are set in place. In Dincer and Dincer (2024), a systematic review of 242 publications on the topic of qualitative sustainability reporting was conducted, and an in-depth examination of the theoretical 8 perspectives underlying these studies was undertaken. They found that legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory are already the most common modes of inquiry in academic circles, neglecting moral legitimacy and critical orientations. Eco-friendly issues are often given undue emphasis in studies at the expense of social aspects, such as employee relations, product responsibility, and community engagement. Such a trend shows a difference in measurement standardization, with environmental measures having more commonly agreed-on frameworks, whereas social measures have no consensus. 2.4 Sector-Specific Applications and Challenges The retail industry poses distinct issues of CSR disclosure in terms of a complicated supply chain and consumer contact. Pimentel et al. (2022) analyze disclosure practices in the context of food waste reduction among retailers and find 44 factors affecting how disclosure is approached. Their study shows that the pattern of disclosures on a macro-scale is shaped by the pressure of the regulator, the integration of new technologies, and the work with the customers in educating them, whereas collaboration with suppliers and the flexibility of their contracts shape the level of disclosures on an operational level. This piece of work demonstrates that sector-related risks and stakeholders' requirements determine disclosure agendas, whereby the existence of disclosure gaps regarding operational enactment is always present. These retail results can supplement theoretical models by demonstrating the nature of the complex interaction (of institutional pressures such as regulation and technology standards, with stakeholder demands such as customer education and supplier relationships) which leads to the development of alternative disclosure strategies. Firms will deal with the various requirements posed by the audience on the one hand and the sector-related challenges, which in some instances may be inconsistent with the reporting frameworks. 2.5 Research Gaps and Implications This literature identifies various key gaps that need to be filled with additional research. First, there is a relative lack of studies that establish the connection between disclosure quality and operational performance, with few longitudinal investigations to show continuity between reported commitments and practices on the ground. Second, the institutional and stakeholder 9 theories can be helpful, but their combination in explaining firm-level variation needs more advanced development of theory. Third, sector-specific variables that can be identified in a retail food waste study show that comprehensive frameworks might not provide an adequate measure of industry-specific CSR issues and challenges. The theoretical abstractions that correspond to the pyramid of CSR that was proposed by Carroll, with additions by Herold because of the institutional-stakeholder integration and subsequent developments, with the currently seen in the practices of CSR disclosures through the lenses of the communication strategies that Morsing and Schultz advance are essential in providing the necessary grounding within which the current CSR disclosure processes in today are occurring. Nevertheless, the evidence provided by the governance studies conducted by Abdul Latif et al. and the theoretical analysis provided by Dincer and Dincer shows that the disclosure quality is predetermined by the interactions between the internal organizational factors, external institutional forces, and the specific stakeholders' requirements that are applicable to the particular sector. Future research should therefore come up with more refined theoretical explanations that can capture these multi-level interactions in addressing the continued gap that exists between disclosure content and the operational reality. The sectoral study by Flores Pimentel et al emphasizes the need to investigate the sectors separately since stakeholder configuration and regulations may vary across sectors and lead to different findings. Further, research studies comparing the sectors can help to come up with a theoretical explanation of CSR disclosure effectiveness and its authenticity. 10 3. Methodology 3.1 Prepare the Data Data Collection Process Data Collection Process is the systematic method of gathering relevant information from various sources to ensure accurate and reliable analysis (Taherdoost, 2021). Data collection methods and tools for research; a step-by-step guide to choose data collection technique for academic and business research projects. The report on Sustainability was systematically gathered in four major supermarkets of the UK, namely: Tesco, ASDA, Morrisons, and Sainsbury's. The data contains the reports of the period 2022-2024, including a total of ten documents over the duration of the study. All the reports were retrieved on official corporate web pages, making sure that the source materials are authentic and complete. Data Format and Organization Data Format and Organization is the structured arrangement of data into clear, consistent categories or formats, ensuring easy access, analysis, and reliable interpretation (Kim, 2020). All the reports were available in PDF format or had been converted to a searchable format for systematic study. All documents were marked with the name of a company, year of reporting, and the type of documents to ensure they were followed throughout the coding procedure. A master database was developed which relates each report to that report's associated metadata, such as publication date, number of pages, and compliance to reporting framework (GRI, TCFD, SASB). Efficient retrieval and cross-references could be released to use this structure of organization in the analytical process. 3.2 Define the Unit of Analysis Primary Unit of Analysis The unit of analysis was illustrated as a particular CSR disclosure statement in each report and was a specific claim, measure, or commitment of sustainability performance. All the disclosure reports are coherent pieces of information that address a particular social responsibility issue in 11 the corporations. The units were constrained by topic coherence and consistency between the thematic contents of reporting sections, such that there were well-founded analytical delimitations. Unit boundaries and scope Minimum unit size was determined by a single complete sentence making a substantive claim of CSR. In contrast, a larger maximum size consisted of contiguous paragraphs of a single topic of CSR without crossing thematic boundaries. The redundancy of statements in different parts was coded as different units in order to reflect the emphases and communication patterns. This reduced the amount of information that was covered and enabled analytical clarity without false chopping up of sense. Unit Categorization Framework Units were initially categorized into six major domains based on established CSR frameworks. Based on the coded dataset, the distribution shows: Table 1: Unit Categorization Framework Category Environmental (ENV) Description Climate, resources, sustainability People, community, stakeholders Leadership, oversight, compliance Subcategories ENV-1 to ENV7 Performance (PERF) Metrics, progress, benchmarking PERF-1 to PERF-6 Communication (COMM) Reporting, messaging, integration COMM-1 to COMM-4 Social (SOC) Governance (GOV) SOC-1 to SOC6 GOV-1 to GOV-6 12 Sample Coverage Carbon emissions, Energy, Waste, Sourcing, Water, Packaging, Supply chain Employees, Health & safety, Community, Customer health, Human rights, Local sourcing Board composition, Executive compensation, Risk management, Stakeholder engagement, Transparency, Ethics KPIs, Progress tracking, Certifications, Benchmarking, Future commitments, Investment Presentation, Stakeholder messaging, Business integration, Digital innovation Each unit received unique identifiers linking to source document, page number, and section location for traceability throughout the analytical process. 3.3 Develop Categories and Coding Scheme Deductive Framework Development Deductive Framework Development is building a coding scheme based on established theories and literature to guide data interpretation (Fife & Gossner, 2024). The deductive approach was taken to develop the coding scheme using the recognized literature base of CSR reporting frameworks, mainly the GRI Standards, the SASB frameworks, and the academic literature of CSR. This theoretical approach has guaranteed consistency with internationally renowned principles of sustainability reporting. The six broad categories were defined: Environmental (ENV), Social (SOC), Governance (GOV), Performance (PERF), Communication (COMM), and a more specific subdivision in each of the above-mentioned categories. Category Definitions and Structure Environmental category encompasses seven subcategories (ENV-1 to ENV-7) covering carbon emissions, energy use, waste management, sustainable sourcing, water conservation, packaging, and supply chain impacts. Social category includes six areas (SOC-1 to SOC-6) addressing employee relations, health and safety, community investment, customer health, human rights, and local sourcing. Governance category covers six dimensions (GOV-1 to GOV-6) including board composition, executive compensation, risk management, stakeholder engagement, transparency, and ethics. Performance and Communication categories each contain specific measurement and reporting elements. Quality Assessment Scale and Dimensions A four-point quality scale was developed with specific operational definitions based on the actual disclosure patterns observed: Table 2: Quality Assessment Scale and Dimensions Quality Level 1 - Minimal Definition Basic statements without detail Coding Criteria General commitments, no specific metrics or context 13 2 - Basic Some detail provided 3 - Good 4-Comprehensive Comprehensive information Detailed, quantified, contextualized Limited quantification, basic context provided Detailed metrics with contextual information Full metrics, targets, methodologies, thirdparty validation Time dimension coding captured temporal orientation: C=Current data (present period reporting), R=Recent data (historical reference points), F=Forward-looking commitments (future targets and commitments). Quantitative presence was measured on a four-point scale: 0=No quantitative data, 1=Some quantitative elements, 2=Substantial quantitative data, 3=Comprehensive quantitative reporting with benchmarks and targets. 3.4 Ethical Considerations This study will maintain ethical considerations in all phases of the research. The risk of harm is minimal due to the nature of the research, which is a secondary analysis of publicly accessible corporate reports. Nonetheless, I intend to cite all my sources and report the data in good faith to uphold the academic honour code. They will not include personally identifiable information or sensitive information, and only publicly accessible corporate sustainability reports will be used. Transparent inclusion criteria and open access sources adhere to the principles of fairness, replicability, and accountability (Lynch et al., 2020) 14 4. Analysis 4.1 Preliminary Quantitative Overview The content analysis considered 298 independent CSR disclosure statements in 10 reports of 2022-2024. Distribution across the four companies included Tesco with 89 units (29.8%), Sainsbury's with 78 units (26.2%), ASDA with 67 units (22.5%), and Morrisons with 64 units (21.5%). The coverage was primarily Environmental (35%), Social (28%), Performance (18%), Governance (12%), and Communication (7%). Quantitative data was found in 67% of disclosures, with the environmental category ranked high in its ability to quantify at 84 percent, and the Governance category at a low 43 percent Commitments made into the future made up 45 percent of the temporal orientations, current statistics 38 percent, and past references 17 percent. The rate of target-setting rose by 32 percent between 2022 and 2023 among all firms. The scores of the quality ranged between 1.8 and 4.0, whereas the industry average reflected an increase of 2.8 (2022) to 3.4 (2023). Third-party frameworks compliance refers to: GRI (67% of reports), TCFD (58%), and SASB (25%). The quantitative patterns form the baseline of the further qualitative analysis of positioning and disclosure sophistication. 4.2 Analytical Framework Validation Testing the Coding Scheme on Tesco (Sample 2022 Extract) Table 3: Coding Scheme Validation - Tesco Sample Extract Text Extract ESG Code "Tesco aims to achieve carbon neutrality in its Group ENV1 Category operations by 2035, aligned with a 1.5?C pathway for Scope 1 climate targets and 2 emissions. The target is to reduce absolute carbon emissions by 60% by 2025 compared to a 2015 baseline." 15 Carbon emissions & "Tesco switched to 100% renewable electricity in its ENV2 Energy use & operations by 2030, achieving this goal 10 years ahead of renewable transition schedule." "Tesco donated £93 million in the UK and €6 million in SOC3 Community Ireland to local community projects and charities." engagement & charitable giving "From 2022, Tesco includes sustainability targets in its GOV2 Executive Performance Share Plan, with 25% of awards linked to carbon compensation reduction and food waste reduction." to ESG "Tesco achieved a 52% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 emissions PERF2 Progress vs targets linked compared to a 2015 baseline." The Tesco validation confirms the coding scheme's methodological rigor. Each disclosure mapped to exactly one subcategory without overlap, demonstrating mutual exclusivity. All content proved codable, ensuring exhaustive coverage. The structured definitions enable consistent inter-coder reliability standardized examples like "£93m community donations" reliably align with SOC3, while emissions targets consistently fall under ENV1, validating the framework's practical applicability. Reliability Statistics This IBM SPSS reliability analysis evaluated the internal consistency of a two-item scale (Quality and Quant) using 298 valid cases with complete data. Table 4: Reliability and Scale Statistics Measure Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items Scale Mean Scale Variance Scale Std. Deviation 16 Value .952 .960 2 5.56 4.335 2.082 Table 4 demonstrates exceptional reliability with Cronbach's Alpha of .952 (.960 standardized), far exceeding the .70 acceptability threshold. The overall scale has a mean of 5.56 with standard deviation of 2.082, indicating good variability across the two-item measure. Table 5: Item Analysis and Correlations Item Mean Std. Deviation N Inter-Item Correlation Quality 3.35 .963 298 .924 Quant 2.21 1.159 298 .924 Table 5 reveals Quality (M=3.35, SD=.963) and Quant (M=2.21, SD=1.159) show strong interitem correlation of .924, confirming they measure closely related constructs. Quality demonstrates less variability than Quant, but both items contribute meaningfully to the scale. The high correlation supports uni-dimensionality, while the excellent Cronbach's Alpha establishes this two-item scale as highly reliable for research applications. 4.3 Overall CSR Performance Table 6: CSR Performance by Company and Year Company 2022 Average Quality Tesco 2.4 ASDA 3.2 Morrisons 3.1 (2022/23) Sainsbury's 3.4 (2022/23) 2023 Average Quality 3.0 3.6 3.3 (2023/24) 3.7 (2023/24) 2024 Average Quality 3.6 3.9 (2024/25) Improvement +1.2 +0.4 +0.2 +0.5 Sainsbury's Maintains Leadership with Accelerating Performance Sainsbury's demonstrates consistent leadership throughout the period, maintaining the highest CSR disclosure quality across all years (3.4 ? 3.7 ? 3.9). Their steady improvement trajectory shows sustained excellence, reaching near-optimal disclosure quality by 2024/25. This suggests established CSR practices being continuously refined rather than reactive improvements. 17 Tesco Shows Remarkable Transformation Tesco demonstrates the most dramatic improvement, starting from the lowest position in 2022 (2.4 average quality) but showing consistent year-on-year growth, reaching 3.6 in 2024. This represents a 50% improvement over three years, suggesting a major strategic shift toward comprehensive CSR disclosure and potentially positioning themselves as a sustainability leader. 4.4 CSR Performance by Category (2022-2024 Average) Table 7: CSR Performance by Category (2022-2024 Average) Category Environmental Social Governance Performance Communication Tesco 3.2 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.7 ASDA 3.6 3.4 2.8 3.7 3.2 Morrisons 3.9 3.5 2.8 3.7 2.7 Sainsbury's 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.2 Categ

Description ASSIGNMENT#1 HEA 610 Overview Higher education is at a crossroads. There are tremendous forces of change that are pulling at the heartstrings of how higher education works, who has access to it, who pays for it, and how it is valued in the workplace. The forces for change can come from both the external and internal environments. As Bontrager, Ingersoll, and Ingersoll explain in Strategic Enrollment Management, “Because institutions react to these forces, it is critical to have a firm grasp on the nature of the forces in order to make appropriate adaptations.” This paper will examine these forces, as defined in policy issues paper by the American First Policy Institute, with an emphasis on what these changes mean at the campus level. Nearly all of these policy issues impact the strategic enrollment plan. Prompt Submit a short paper on higher education policy. Review the 25 State Higher Education Policy Priorities of The America First Agenda. Select one policy issue and do additional research to find at least two articles from publications that focus on higher education and explore how the institutions are addressing the issue. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: Current Issue. Summarize the policy issue facing colleges and universities. Reflect on why this issue is important in the broader context of education policy. Impact on Institution. Explain how this issue impacts your chosen institution, with special consideration of the impact on strategic enrollment planning and resources. Implications for the Future. Describe how this issue has implications across your institution. How do you see your institution (and particularly enrollment management) being changed by this issue in 10 or 20 years? What to Submit This short paper should follow these formatting guidelines: 3–5 pages in length with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and APA-style citations. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!aSSIGNMENT #2 HEA 540 WEEK 7 While this module’s discussion is about how to communicate information about evaluating recommendations, this third milestone is about how to get the evaluation done. Prompt In this milestone, you will determine a plan for evaluating the success of your recommendations once they are implemented for the program you chose in Milestone One. This evaluation plan will include a process for measuring success, including a discussion of how the recommendations will foster continuous improvement and an explanation, with specific examples, of how you would mitigate institutional challenges. Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: Outline the process by which you will measure the success of your recommendations. In other words, what are the steps you will need to take to measure the success of your recommendations, and what further information or indicators will you need to find and verify? Be sure to include appropriate visuals (e.g. flowcharts, pie charts) to illustrate the time sequence. Discuss how the evaluation of your recommendations will foster continuous improvement within the academic program. What ongoing processes will be in place? How will adjustments be identified and made? Explain how these continuous improvement processes address institutional challenges. How do they respond to the ever-changing academic environment? Use specific examples to support your explanation. What to Submit Your paper should be submitted as a Microsoft Word document of at least 5 pages (including title and reference pages) with headings, double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and citations in APA format.

Description Order Number: S82-112709 subject?IBUS6000 International Engagement Project Assessment 2-Project Analysis 2000words The writing requirements for this assignment should be fulfilled in accordance with the general framework explained in class. Draft Due:(2025-12-02) Final Version Due (writer):(2025-12-02) University Submission Deadline:(2025-12-03) 2 attachments Slide 1 of 2 attachment_1 attachment_1 attachment_2 attachment_2 UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW DISEASE FIGHT ????? 1424 India Kuppen. ? s ? Four Major Benefits 1. Increased employee satisfaction 2. Improved public image 3. Increased customer loyalty 4. Increased creativity Employee Satisfaction Recess Scho TURNITIN DETECT AI 5202 ?INTERVIEW QUAS. FILL UP AI FORM. 716746 USAFIO b TIRTAK F 1ST METHOD. NEVER USE AI: XOMARK E TEACHER LIESA) You SPUDERY Cand Fa SIT CLASSROOM. NO HAMPHIE 2MP METH WRITE ESTAY. 4t 2nd 31 4th th -54-103 -10% 105 1osEPSON Context-complementary perspectives (2) Many MNEs/NGOs assess supplier compliance with codes of conduct on working conditions, but do not measure real workplace conditions Comparison of two Mexican firms subject to Nike monitoring, but very different in working conditions Nike developed the M-Audit, consolidating into a single score the performance on more than 80 items (hiring practices, worker treatment, worker-management communications, and compensation) But: even composite measures of compliance do not lead to a complete understanding of differences in working conditions among supplier factories Copyright ©2021 Cambridge University Press Purchase answer to see full attachment

Description Choose any one of the Omani companies you are familiar with or known to you. You are required to analyse sustainable and ethical business operations by exploring how the chosen company address global challenges through responsible practices, sustainability innovations, and ethical supply chain strategies. Your assignment should demonstrate your understanding of sustainability, ethics, and their application in real-world business operations. Introduction: (300 words) Introduce the concept of sustainable and ethical business practices (with ‘in-text’ citation and corresponding reference list). Explain why these practices are important in today’s business environment. Briefly state what the assignment will cover and what should be learned from it. ----------------------------------------- Task 1: Analysis of Business Operations (1,200 words) Evaluate how businesses operate ethically and sustainably using these two perspectives: a. Corporate Sustainability Perspective Discuss how companies integrate sustainability into their core strategies (e.g., environmental protection, social responsibility, economic strategy). Include examples of sustainable business models (e.g., circular economy, carbon neutrality). b. Technological Advances for Performance Improvement Analyse how technology (e.g., AI, blockchain, green technology) helps improve business efficiency and sustainability. Discuss the potential risks or ethical concerns related to using these technologies. ------------------------------------------------------------ Task 2: Sustainable and Ethical Global Supply Chain (1,200 words ) Analyse the concepts of sustainable and ethical supply chain management (SCM). Explain how global businesses apply ethical standards in sourcing, manufacturing, and logistics. Provide examples of companies using ethical SCM practices (e.g., fair labour, sourcing transparency). Evaluate the impact of ethical SCM on stakeholders and brand reputation. ----------------------------------------- Conclusion (300 words) Summary of your main findings. Provide practical recommendations for businesses to improve their ethical and sustainable operations. -------------------------------- References: Provide a list of references in Harvard referencing style to support your analysis. Ensure that academic journals, books, and reputable sources are cited appropriately. “in-text’ citations should be consistent to the list of references. PROVIDE SIMILARITY AND PLAGIARISM REPORTS

Description I need a word document and a power point please. With the instructions mentioned below. UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW Group Project (20 marks) Deadline December 6, 2025 In this project, you are going to work in a group of (2-3 students). Write a paper using the blogs from the Program on Negotiations by the Harvard Law School at https://www.pon.harvard.edu/, and will present for 10 minutes about them in class August 6. After going to the PON website, access the “Daily Blogs” at https://www.pon.harvard.edu/blog/ Read 10 blogs and provide your reflection and interpretation for each blog that you read. Organize with other groups to be sure there is no duplication in article selection. The title of the blog, author, date and website link must be present at the beginning of each blog reflection. Assignment specifications: - Submission is through blackboard as a soft copy. - Use APA writing style. - The paper should be not less than 1000 words/ PowerPoint slides flexible length. - There is no need to write references in the end, as your reference is already known and you mentioned the blog information at the beginning of your interpretation. - Your paper should reflect your readings of 10 blogs from the PON blog. - Do not copy and paste, rely on your paraphrasing 100%. - Plagiarism % should not exceed 10%. - Deadline for the assignment submission is December 6, 2025 before midnight. - Late submissions receive a ZERO. - Presentations will be held in class august 6, all group members should present, and duration of presentation should be no less than 10 minutes. - Grading will be 10 marks for the paper, and 10 marks for the presentation. Grading Assessment: A. Report [10 marks]: 1- APA style, overall organization & length of the document. (3) 2- Quality of information. (7) B. Presentation [10 marks]: 1- Eye contact with audience, loud and clear voice and readiness and time management (2). 2- Power point slides organization (2). 3- Knowledge about the topic, fluency of thought and quality of information (2). 4- Slides quality (design and content) (4

Description Below are six questions; in two separate essays, answer two of them. Each of the answers shall be of equal value. The answers ought to be submitted by our last class. The suggested length for each essay is 1,500 words, but the choice of length is ultimately your own. Successful answers will reveal thoughtful reflection on the course materials, both primary and secondary. 1. A theme of our course has been that early medieval history can be examined in term of a sifting of old traditions and the creation of new ones. Point to some of the ways in which you believe this statement to be valid or not valid. 2. The monastic experience is crucial for an understanding of many religious, social, economic developments in early medieval Europe. Point to some of the ways in which you believe this statement to be valid or not valid. 3. The Papacy, particularly as its action was displayed by Gregory the Great, was the most creative and formative institution of the early medieval West. Point to some of the ways in which you believe this statement to be valid or not valid. 4. The early Middle Ages is best understood as the convergence of Roman and Germanic traditions under the tutelage of the Roman Church. Point to some of the ways in which you believe this statement to be valid or not valid. 5, The early medieval period started by the deposition of the Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus by the barbarian king, Odovacer, and ended by the start of the Gregorian reforms. Point to some of the ways in which you believe this statement to be valid or not valid. 6. The medieval imperial coronations by the popes throughout the early middle ages was a truce and the result of the cooperation between the secular political powers in the Latin west with the papacy. Point to some of the ways in which you believe this statement to be valid or not valid. UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW QURAN 1 1. The Opening 1. In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful. 2. Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds. 3. The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 4. Master of the Day of Judgment. 5. It is You we worship, and upon You we call for help. 6. Guide us to the straight path. 7. The path of those You have blessed, not of those against whom there is anger, nor of those who are misguided. 5. The Table In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful. 1. O you who believe! Fulfill your commitments. Livestock animals are permitted for you, except those specified to you; but not wild game while you are in pilgrim sanctity. God decrees whatever He wills. 2. O you who believe! Do not violate God’s sacraments, nor the Sacred Month, nor the offerings, nor the garlanded, nor those heading for the Sacred House seeking blessings from their Lord and approval. When you have left the pilgrim sanctity, you may hunt. And let not the hatred of people who barred you from the Sacred Mosque incite you to aggression. And cooperate with one another in virtuous conduct and conscience, and do not cooperate with one another in sin and hostility. And fear God. God is severe in punishment. 3. Prohibited for you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and animals dedicated to other than God; also the flesh of animals strangled, killed violently, killed by a fall, gored to death, mangled by wild animals—except what you rescue, and animals sacrificed on altars; and the practice of drawing lots. For it is immoral. Today, those who disbelieve have despaired of your religion, so do not fear them, but fear Me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, and have completed My favor upon you, and have approved Islam as a religion for you. But whoever is compelled by hunger, with no intent of wrongdoing—God is Forgiving and Merciful. 4. They ask you what is permitted for them. Say, “Permitted for you are all good things, including what trained dogs and falcons catch for you.” You train them according to what God has taught you. So eat from what they catch for you, and pronounce God’s name over it. And fear God. God is Swift in reckoning. 2 5. Today all good things are made lawful for you. And the food of those given the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them. So are chaste believing women, and chaste women from the people who were given the Scripture before you, provided you give them their dowries, and take them in marriage, not in adultery, nor as mistresses. But whoever rejects faith, his work will be in vain, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers. 6. O you who believe! When you rise to pray, wash your faces and your hands and arms to the elbows, and wipe your heads, and your feet to the ankles. If you had intercourse, then purify yourselves. If you are ill, or travelling, or one of you returns from the toilet, or you had contact with women, and could not find water, then use some clean sand and wipe your faces and hands with it. God does not intend to burden you, but He intends to purify you, and to complete His blessing upon you, that you may be thankful. 7. And Remember God’s blessings upon you, and His covenant which He covenanted with you; when you said, “We hear and we obey.” And remain conscious of God, for God knows what the hearts contain. 8. O you who believe! Be upright to God, witnessing with justice; and let not the hatred of a certain people prevent you from acting justly. Adhere to justice, for that is nearer to piety; and fear God. God is informed of what you do. 9. God has promised those who believe and work righteousness: they will have forgiveness and a great reward. 10. As for those who disbelieve and reject Our revelations—these are the inmates of Hell. 11. O you who believe! Remember God's blessings upon you; when certain people intended to extend their hands against you, and He restrained their hands from you. So reverence God, and in God let the believers put their trust. 12. God received a pledge from the Children of Israel, and We raised among them twelve chiefs. God said, “I am with you; if you perform the prayer, and pay the alms, and believe in My messengers and support them, and lend God a loan of righteousness; I will remit your sins, and admit you into Gardens beneath which rivers flow. But whoever among you disbelieves afterwards has strayed from the right way.” 13. Because of their breaking their pledge, We cursed them, and made their hearts hard. They twist the words out of their context, and they disregarded some of what they were reminded of. You will always witness deceit from them, except for a few of them. But pardon them, and overlook. God loves the doers of good. 14. And from those who say, “We are Christians,” We received their pledge, but they neglected some of what they were reminded of. So We provoked enmity and hatred among them until the Day of Resurrection; God will then inform them of what they used to craft. 15. O People of the Book! Our Messenger has come to you, clarifying for you much of what you kept hidden of the Book, and overlooking much. A light from God has come to you, and a clear Book. 3 16. God guides with it whoever follows His approval to the ways of peace, and He brings them out of darkness into light, by His permission, and He guides them in a straight path. 17. They disbelieve those who say, “God is the Christ, the son of Mary.” Say, “Who can prevent God, if He willed, from annihilating the Christ son of Mary, and his mother, and everyone on earth?” To God belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and what is between them. He creates whatever He wills, and God has power over everything. 18. The Jews and the Christians say, “We are the children of God, and His beloved.” Say, “Why then does He punish you for your sins?” In fact, you are humans from among those He created. He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills. To God belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and what lies between them, and to Him is the return. 19. O People of the Book! Our Messenger has come to you, making things clear to you—after a cessation of messengers—so that you cannot say, “No preacher has come to us, and no warner.” In fact, a preacher has come to you, and a warner; and God is Capable of everything. 20. When Moses said to his people, “O my people, remember God’s blessings upon you, when He placed prophets among you, and made you kings, and gave you what He never gave any other people.” 21. “O my people, enter the Holy Land which God has assigned for you, and do not turn back, lest you return as losers.” 22. They said, “O Moses, there are tyrannical people in it; we will not enter it until they leave it. If they leave it, we will be entering.” 23. Two men of those who feared, but whom God had blessed, said, “Go at them by the gate; and when you have entered it, you will prevail. And put your trust in God, if you are believers.” 24. They said, “O Moses, we will not enter it, ever, as long as they are in it. So go ahead, you and your Lord, and fight. We are staying right here.” 25. He said, “My Lord! I have control only over myself and my brother, so separate between us and between the wicked people.” 26. He said, “It is forbidden for them for forty years. They will wander aimlessly in the land. So do not grieve over the defiant people.” 27. And relate to them the true story of Adam's two sons: when they offered an offering, and it was accepted from one of them, but it was not accepted from the other. He Said, “I will kill you.” He Said, “God accepts only from the righteous.” 28. “If you extend your hand to kill me, I will not extend my hand to kill you; for I fear God, Lord of the Worlds.” 29. “I would rather you bear my sin and your sin, and you become among the inmates of the Fire. Such is the reward for the evildoers.” 4 30. Then His soul prompted him to kill his brother, so he killed him, and became one of the losers. 31. Then God sent a raven digging the ground, to show him how to cover his brother's corpse. He said, “Woe to me! I was unable to be like this raven, and bury my brother's corpse.” So he became full of regrets. 32. Because of that We ordained for the Children of Israel: that whoever kills a person—unless it is for murder or corruption on earth—it is as if he killed the whole of mankind; and whoever saves it, it is as if he saved the whole of mankind. Our messengers came to them with clarifications, but even after that, many of them continue to commit excesses in the land. 33. The punishment for those who fight God and His Messenger, and strive to spread corruption on earth, is that they be killed, or crucified, or have their hands and feet cut off on opposite sides, or be banished from the land. That is to disgrace them in this life; and in the Hereafter they will have a terrible punishment. 34. Except for those who repent before you apprehend them. So know that God is Forgiving and Merciful. 35. O you who believe! Be conscious of God, and seek the means of approach to Him, and strive in His cause, so that you may succeed. 36. As for those who disbelieve, even if they owned everything on earth, and the like of it with it, and they offered it to ransom themselves from the torment of the Day of Resurrection, it will not be accepted from them. For them is a painful punishment. 37. They will want to leave the Fire, but they will not leave it. For them is a lasting punishment. 38. As for the thief, whether male or female, cut their hands as a penalty for what they have reaped—a deterrent from God. God is Mighty and Wise. 39. But whoever repents after his crime, and reforms, God will accept his repentance. God is Forgiving and Merciful. 40. Do you not know that to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth? He punishes whom He wills, and He forgives whom He wills. And God is Capable of everything. 41. O Messenger! Do not let those who are quick to disbelief grieve you—from among those who say with their mouths, “We believe,” but their hearts do not believe; and from among the Jews—listeners to lies, listeners to other people who did not come to you. They distort words from their places, and they say, “If you are given this, accept it; but if you are not given it, beware.” Whomever God has willed to divert, you have nothing for him from God. Those are they whose hearts God does not intend to purify. For them is disgrace in this world, and for them is a great punishment in the Hereafter. 42. Listeners to falsehoods, eaters of illicit earnings. If they come to you, judge between them, or turn away from them. If you turn away from them, they will not harm you in the least. But if you judge, judge between them equitably. God loves the equitable. 5 43. But why do they come to you for judgment, when they have the Torah, in which is God’s Law? Yet they turn away after that. These are not believers. 44. We have revealed the Torah, wherein is guidance and light. The submissive prophets ruled the Jews according to it, so did the rabbis and the scholars, as they were required to protect God’s Book, and were witnesses to it. So do not fear people, but fear Me. And do not sell My revelations for a cheap price. Those who do not rule according to what God revealed are the unbelievers. 45. And We wrote for them in it: a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and an equal wound for a wound; but whoever forgoes it in charity, it will serve as atonement for him. Those who do not rule according to what God revealed are the evildoers. 46. In their footsteps, We sent Jesus son of Mary, fulfilling the Torah that preceded him; and We gave him the Gospel, wherein is guidance and light, and confirming the Torah that preceded him, and guidance and counsel for the righteous. 47. So let the people of the Gospel rule according to what God revealed in it. Those who do not rule according to what God revealed are the sinners. 48. And We revealed to you the Book, with truth, confirming the Scripture that preceded it, and superseding it. So judge between them according to what God revealed, and do not follow their desires if they differ from the truth that has come to you. For each of you We have assigned a law and a method. Had God willed, He could have made you a single nation, but He tests you through what He has given you. So compete in righteousness. To God is your return, all of you; then He will inform you of what you had disputed. 49. And judge between them according to what God revealed, and do not follow their desires. And beware of them, lest they lure you away from some of what God has revealed to you. But if they turn away, know that God intends to strike them with some of their sins. In fact, a great many people are corrupt. 50. Is it the laws of the time of ignorance that they desire? Who is better than God in judgment for people who are certain? 51. O you who believe! Do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies; some of them are allies of one another. Whoever of you allies himself with them is one of them. God does not guide the wrongdoing people. 52. You will see those in whose hearts is sickness racing towards them. They say, “We fear the wheel of fate may turn against us.” But perhaps God will bring about victory, or some event of His making; thereupon they will regret what they concealed within themselves. 53. Those who believe will say, “Are these the ones who swore by God with their strongest oaths that they are with you?” Their works have failed, so they became losers. 6 54. O you who believe! Whoever of you goes back on his religion—God will bring a people whom He loves and who love Him, kind towards the believers, stern with the disbelievers. They strive in the way of God, and do not fear the blame of the critic. That is the grace of God; He bestows it upon whomever He wills. God is Embracing and Knowing. 55. Your allies are God, and His Messenger, and those who believe—those who pray regularly, and give charity, while bowing down. 56. Whoever allies himself with God, and His Messenger, and those who believe—surely the Party of God is the victorious. 57. O you who believe! Do not befriend those who take your religion in mockery and as a sport, be they from among those who were given the Scripture before you, or the disbelievers. And obey God, if you are believers. 58. When you call to the prayer, they take it as a joke and a trifle. That is because they are people who do not reason. 59. Say, “O People of the Scripture! Do you resent us only because we believe in God, and in what was revealed to us, and in what was revealed previously; and most of you are sinners?” 60. Say, “Shall I inform you of worse than that for retribution from God? He whom God has cursed, and with whom He became angry; and He turned some of them into apes, and swine, and idol worshipers. These are in a worse position, and further away from the right way.” 61. When they come to you, they say, “We believe,” though they have entered with disbelief, and they have departed with it. But God is well aware of what they hide. 62. You see many of them competing with one another in sin and hostility, and their consuming of what is illicit. What they have been doing is truly evil. 63. Why do the rabbis and the priests not prevent them from speaking sinfully and from consuming forbidden wealth? Evil is what they have been doing. 64. The Jews say, “God’s hand is tied.” It is their hands that are tied, and they are cursed for what they say. In fact, His hands are outstretched; He gives as He wills. Certainly, what was revealed to you from your Lord will increase many of them in defiance and blasphemy. And We placed between them enmity and hatred, until the Day of Resurrection. Whenever they kindle the fire of war, God extinguishes it. And they strive to spread corruption on earth. God does not love the corrupters. 65. Had the People of the Scripture believed and been righteous, We would have remitted their sins, and admitted them into the Gardens of Bliss. 66. Had they observed the Torah, and the Gospel, and what was revealed to them from their Lord, they would have consumed amply from above them, and from beneath their feet. Among them is a moderate community, but evil is what many of them are doing. 7 67. O Messenger, convey what was revealed to you from your Lord. But if you do not, then you would not have delivered His message. And God will protect you from the people. God does not guide the disbelieving people. 68. Say, “O People of the Scripture! You have no basis until you uphold the Torah, and the Gospel, and what is revealed to you from your Lord.” But what is revealed to you from your Lord will increase many of them in rebellion and disbelief, so do not be sorry for the disbelieving people. 69. Those who believe, and the Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians—whoever believes in God and the Last Day, and does what is right—they have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve. 70. We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, and We sent to them messengers. Whenever a messenger came to them with what their souls did not desire, some of them they accused of lying, and others they put to death. 71. They assumed there would be no punishment, so they turned blind and deaf. Then God redeemed them, but then again many of them turned blind and deaf. But God is Seeing of what they do. 72. They disbelieve those who say, “God is the Messiah the son of Mary.” But the Messiah himself said, “O Children of Israel, worship God, my Lord and your Lord. Whoever associates others with God, God has forbidden him Paradise, and his dwelling is the Fire. The wrongdoers have no saviors.” 73. They disbelieve those who say, “God is the third of three.” But there is no deity except the One God. If they do not refrain from what they say, a painful torment will befall those among them who disbelieve. 74. Will they not repent to God and ask His forgiveness? God is Forgiving and Merciful. 75. The Messiah son of Mary was only a messenger, before whom other Messengers had passed away, and his mother was a woman of truth. They both used to eat food. Note how We make clear the revelations to them; then note how deluded they are. 76. Say, “Do you worship, besides God, what has no power to harm or benefit you?” But God: He is the Hearer, the Knower. 77. Say, “O People of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate in your religion beyond the truth; and do not follow the opinions of people who went astray before, and misled many, and themselves strayed off the balanced way.” 78. Cursed were those who disbelieved from among the Children of Israel by the tongue of David and Jesus son of Mary. That is because they rebelled and used to transgress. 79. They used not to prevent one another from the wrongs they used to commit. Evil is what they used to do. 8 80. You will see many of them befriending those who disbelieve. Terrible is what their souls prompts them to do. The wrath of God fell upon them, and in the torment they will remain. 81. Had they believed in God and the Prophet, and in what was revealed to him, they would not have befriended them. But many of them are immoral. 82. You will find that the people most hostile towards the believers are the Jews and the polytheists. And you will find that the nearest in affection towards the believers are those who say, “We are Christians.” That is because among them are priests and monks, and they are not arrogant. 83. And when they hear what was revealed to the Messenger, you see their eyes overflowing with tears, as they recognize the truth in it. They say, “Our Lord, we have believed, so count us among the witnesses.” 84. “And why should we not believe in God, and in the truth that has come to us, and hope that our Lord will include us among the righteous people?” 85. God will reward them for what they say—Gardens beneath which rivers flow, where they will stay forever. Such is the reward of the righteous. 86. But as for those who disbelieve and deny Our signs—these are the inmates of the Fire. 87. O you who believe! Do not prohibit the good things God has permitted for you, and do not commit aggression. God does not love the aggressors. 88. And eat of the lawful and good things God has provided for you; and be conscious of God, in Whom you are believers. 89. God does not hold you accountable for your unintended oaths, but He holds you accountable for your binding oaths. The atonement for it is by feeding ten needy people from the average of what you feed your families, or by clothing them, or by freeing a slave. Anyone who lacks the means shall fast for three days. That is the atonement for breaking your oaths when you have sworn them. So keep your oaths. Thus God makes clear His Revelations to you, that you may be grateful. 90. O you who believe! Intoxicants, gambling, idolatry, and divination are abominations of Satan’s doing. Avoid them, so that you may prosper. 91. Satan wants to provoke strife and hatred among you through intoxicants and gambling, and to prevent you from the remembrance of God, and from prayer. Will you not desist? 92. Obey God and obey the Messenger, and be cautious. If you turn away—know that the duty of Our Messenger is clear communication. 93. Those who believe and do righteous deeds will not be blamed for what they may have eaten, provided they obey, and believe, and do good deeds, then maintain piety and faith, then remain righteous and charitable. God loves the charitable. 9 94. O you who believe! God will test you with something of the game your hands and spears obtain, that God may know who fears Him at heart. Whoever commits aggression after that will have a painful punishment. 95. O you who believe! do not kill game while you are in pilgrim sanctity. Whoever of you kills any intentionally, its penalty shall be a domestic animal comparable to what he killed, as determined by two honest persons among you—an offering delivered to the Kaabah. Or he may atone by feeding the needy, or its equivalent in fasting, so that he may taste the consequences of his conduct. God forgives what is past. But whoever repeats, God will take revenge on him. God is Almighty, Avenger. 96. Permitted for you is the catch of sea, and its food—as sustenance for you and for travelers. But forbidden for you is the game of land while you are in pilgrim sanctity. And fear God, to Whom you will be gathered. 97. God has appointed the Kaabah, the Sacred House, a sanctuary for the people, and the Sacred Month, and the offerings, and the garlanded. That you may know that God knows everything in the heavens and the earth, and that God is Cognizant of all things. 98. Know that God is severe in retribution, and that God is Forgiving and Merciful. 99. The Messenger’s sole duty is to convey. God knows what you reveal and what you conceal. 100. Say: “The bad and the good are not equal, even though the abundance of the bad may impress you. So be conscious of God, O you who possess intelligence, that you may succeed.” 101. O you who believe! Do not ask about things that would trouble you if disclosed to you. But if you were to ask about them while the Quran is being revealed, they will become obvious to you. God forgives that. God is Forgiving and Clement. 102. A people before you asked about them, but then came to reject them. 103. God did not institute the superstitions of Bahirah, Saibah, Wasilah, or of Hami; but those who disbelieve fabricate lies about God—most of them do not understand. 104. And when it is said to them, “Come to what God has revealed, and to the Messenger,” they say, “Sufficient for us is what we found our forefathers upon.” Even if their forefathers knew nothing, and were not guided? 105. O you who believe! You are responsible for your own souls. He who has strayed cannot harm you if you are guided. To God is your return, all of you, and He will inform you of what you used to do. 106. O you who believe! When death approaches one of you, let two reliable persons from among you act as witnesses to the making of a bequest, or two persons from another people if you are travelling in the land and the event of death approaches you. Engage them after the prayer. If you have doubts, let them swear by God: “We will not sell our testimony for any price, even if he was a near relative, and we will not conceal God’s testimony, for then we would be sinners.” 10 107. If it is discovered that they are guilty of perjury: let two others take their place, two from among those responsible for the claim, and have them swear by God, “Our testimony is more truthful than their testimony, and we will not be biased, for then we would be wrongdoers.” 108. That makes it more likely that they will give true testimony, fearing that their oaths might be contradicted by subsequent oaths. So fear God, and listen. God does not guide the disobedient people. 109. On the Day when God will gather the messengers, then say, “What response were you given?” They will say, “We have no knowledge; it is You Who are the Knower of the unseen.” 110. When God will say, “O Jesus son of Mary, recall My favor upon you and upon your mother, how I supported you with the Holy Spirit. You spoke to the people from the crib, and in maturity. How I taught you the Scripture and wisdom, and the Torah and the Gospel. And recall that you molded from clay the shape of a bird, by My leave, and then you breathed into it, and it became a bird, by My leave. And you healed the blind and the leprous, by My leave; and you revived the dead, by My leave. And recall that I restrained the Children of Israel from you when you brought them the clear miracles. But those who disbelieved among them said, `This is nothing but obvious sorcery.'“ 111. “And when I inspired the disciples: `Believe in Me and in My Messenger.' They said, `We have believed, so bear witness that We have submitted.'“ 112. “And when the disciples said, 'O Jesus son of Mary, is your Lord able to bring down for us a feast from heaven?' He said, 'Fear God, if you are believers.'“ 113. They said, “We wish to eat from it, so that our hearts may be reassured, and know that you have told us the truth, and be among those who witness it.” 114. Jesus son of Mary said, “O God, our Lord, send down for us a table from heaven, to be a festival for us, for the first of us, and the last of us, and a sign from You; and provide for us; You are the Best of providers.” 115. God said, “I will send it down to you. But whoever among you disbelieves thereafter, I will punish him with a punishment the like of which I never punish any other being.” 116. And God will say, “O Jesus son of Mary, did you say to the people, `Take me and my mother as gods rather than God?'“ He will say, “Glory be to You! It is not for me to say what I have no right to. Had I said it, You would have known it. You know what is in my soul, and I do not know what is in Your soul. You are the Knower of the hidden. 117. I only told them what You commanded me: that you shall worship God, my Lord and your Lord. And I was a witness over them while I was among them; but when You took me to Yourself, You became the Watcher over them—You are Witness over everything. 118. If You punish them, they are Your servants; but if You forgive them, You are the Mighty and Wise.” 11 119. God will say, “This is a Day when the truthful will benefit from their truthfulness.” They will have Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will remain forever. God is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. That is the great attainment. 120. To God belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and what lies in them, and He has power over everything. 19. Mary In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful. 1. Kaf, Ha, Ya, Ayn, Saad. 2. A mention of the mercy of your Lord towards His servant Zechariah. 3. When he called on his Lord, a call in seclusion. 4. He said, “My Lord, my bones have become feeble, and my hair is aflame with gray, and never, Lord, have I been disappointed in my prayer to you. 5. “And I fear for my dependents after me, and my wife is barren. So grant me, from Yourself, an heir. 6. To inherit me, and inherit from the House of Jacob, and make him, my Lord, pleasing.” 7. “O Zechariah, We give you good news of a son, whose name is John, a name We have never given before.” 8. He said, “My Lord, how can I have a son, when my wife is barren, and I have become decrepit with old age?” 9. He said, “It will be so, your Lord says, ‘it is easy for me, and I created you before, when you were nothing.’” 10. He said, “My Lord, give me a sign.” He said, “Your sign is that you will not speak to the people for three nights straight.” 11. And he came out to his people, from the sanctuary, and signaled to them to praise morning and evening. 12. “O John, hold on to the Scripture firmly,” and We gave him wisdom in his youth. 13. And tenderness from Us, and innocence. He was devout. 14. And kind to his parents; and he was not a disobedient tyrant. 15. And peace be upon him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the Day he is raised alive. 12 16. And mention in the Scripture Mary, when she withdrew from her people to an eastern location. 17. She screened herself away from them, and We sent to her Our spirit, and He appeared to her as an immaculate human. 18. She said, “I take refuge from you in the Most Merciful, should you be righteous.” 19. He said, “I am only the messenger of your Lord, to give you the gift of a pure son.” 20. She said, “How can I have a son, when no man has touched me, and I was never unchaste?” 21. He said, “Thus said your Lord, `It is easy for Me, and We will make him a sign for humanity, and a mercy from Us. It is a matter already decided.'“ 22. So she carried him, and secluded herself with him in a remote place. 23. The labor-pains came upon her, by the trunk of a palm-tree. She said, “I wish I had died before this, and been completely forgotten.” 24. Whereupon he called her from beneath her: “Do not worry; your Lord has placed a stream beneath you. 25. And shake the trunk of the palm-tree towards you, and it will drop ripe dates by you.” 26. “So eat, and drink, and be consoled. And if you see any human, say, ‘I have vowed a fast to the Most Gracious, so I will not speak to any human today.'“ 27. Then she came to her people, carrying him. They said, “O Mary, you have done something terrible. 28. O sister of Aaron, your father was not an evil man, and your mother was not a whore.” 29. So she pointed to him. They said, “How can we speak to an infant in the crib?” 30. He said, “I am the servant of God. He has given me the Scripture, and made me a prophet. 31. And has made me blessed wherever I may be; and has enjoined on me prayer and charity, so long as I live.

Description ai should be zero similarity should be zero plagrisim and Ai report is needed UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW BUSS 312 Class participation ( 5 Marks for class participation) The student will be evaluated on the basis of his/her attendance (upto 2nd Mid- Term only) and the active participation in class activities (case studies ) 3 case studies + Attendance Buss 312 Assignment Assignment #1 ( 10 Marks) Define M-Commerce and describe its key enablers in context of Oman (apps, payment systems, 5G, etc.). Explain in your own word how M-Commerce enhances customer experience and loyalty. • Provide an example from any local companies with example (Minimum 2500 Words) Note :- The student should not copy or use AI for this work , he can use authentic resource and cite then in APA style. (This is an individual Assignment)\\ • • • Use table charts and graphs, diagram wherever required Plagiarized and AI Generated, outsourced work may result in 0 Marks The assignment must be submitted in WORD and Power Point Assessment Rubrics Assessment Matrix (Rubric) Criteria Excellent (A) Demonstrates clear, in-depth Understanding understanding of of Concepts S-Commerce and M-Commerce Good (B) Satisfactory (C) Good Basic understanding understanding; with minor lacks depth or errors or missing clarity. links. Needs Improvement Weight (D/F) Limited or inaccurate 20% understanding. Criteria Excellent (A) Good (B) Satisfactory (C) Needs Improvement Weight (D/F) concepts with accurate terminology. Insightful analysis with strong, Clear examples Examples Examples Case Study relevant examples with some mentioned but missing or 25% Analysis and critical analysis. weak analysis. irrelevant. evaluation. Comprehensive and well-structured Clear Partial or Comparative comparison No meaningful comparison with descriptive 15% Analysis between Scomparison. some gaps. comparison. Commerce and MCommerce. Demonstrates originality and Limited Lacks Application & practical insights Some originality application or originality and 15% Creativity in applying and relevance. creative application. concepts to thinking. business scenarios. Well-organized, Mostly logical flow, Acceptable but Poorly Organization organized with professional lacks flow or organized or 10% & Presentation minor formatting, and clarity. unclear. inconsistencies. visuals (if used). Proper APA 7 Few sources or References & style with reliable Minor citation No or incorrect inconsistent 5% Citation and diverse errors. referencing. format. sources. Clear, concise, Understandable Difficult to Language & Minor language error-free but with read or poorly 10% Clarity issues. academic writing. frequent errors. written. Total = 100 marks (Grade will be scaled accordingly) Assignment 2 (5 Marks) Create a social commerce presence for a local (Dhofari) product/service using any two platform. like Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, or WhatsApp Business etc. Requirements: • • • • • Create a product page or campaign post(s). Include product photos, description, pricing, and purchase/contact link. Use hashtags, influencer tags, and interactive tools (polls, reels, or stories). Collect data on engagement (likes, comments, shares, followers) for at least 5–7 days. Analyze how the platform’s features support buying decisions. Deliverables: • Screenshot evidence or short screen recording. Criteria Excellent (A) Good (B) Satisfactory (C) Fair Integration of S-commerce Strong linkage between theory and practice; clear comparative insights. Partial linkage with some analysis. Limited conceptual understanding. Missing or incorrect linkage. 1 Creativity & Innovation Highly original, relevant, and visually appealing work. Good creativity Minimal with some creativity. originality. Copy-paste or generic. 2 Organized Understandable Unclear or and clear but lacks incomplete with minor polish. presentation. issues. 2 Clear, confident, Presentation & engaging, and Communication professional delivery. Marks