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Often, when building machine learning models on text, one of the input parameters is the frequency of occurrence of a word in the text. Write Python code that finds the frequency of use of each unique word in the string document_text and stores the result in a dictionary called frequency_of_words. There is no need to convert words to their initial (base) form. To remove extra characters, use the string replacement method; to count, use the list count method. Use document_text = 'There are food courts in the cities that accommodate many people and offer dishes for every taste from all over the world. The fragrant smells wafting from the food courts are so delicious that your mouth will water. In recent years, imported food products have become an integral part of our lives.'

Topic: Autonomous Navigation of a Mobile Robot using Deep Reinforcement Learning. Objective: develop an RL-based autonomous navigation system for a mobile robot that uses deep RL algorithms to learn the optimal control policy for navigating an unknown environment, exploring the applicability of deep RL to robotics and evaluating the performance of different RL algorithms for mobile robot navigation. Related work: prior work has shown the effectiveness of RL algorithms for robot control and navigation, but most approaches rely on simple environments and do not generalize well to complex, unknown ones; many also require extensive expert knowledge in reward function design and feature engineering, which limits their scalability. Technical outline: use the ROS (Robot Operating System) environment and the TurtleBot3 platform; base the approach on deep Q-learning (DQL) and policy gradient (PG) algorithms to learn a navigation policy in a maze-like environment; the novelty is integrating these algorithms into a hybrid approach that can learn effectively in complex, unknown environments, and exploring how to incorporate sensory feedback from cameras and lidars. Implement the system. You may split it into two parts: Part I, build the environment and make the robot understand it; Part II, implement the full code, with code complexity increasing across the parts. Describe the environment and the code at the end.

The compare&swap primitive is an atomic sequence that compares the content of a given register (call it 'old') with a given memory location. If the contents are not equal, the sequence returns false. If the contents are equal, the sequence swaps the contents of the memory location with the content of another register (call it 'new') and returns true. Pseudocode: function cas(p: pointer to int, old: int, new: int) is: if *p != old, return false; *p <- new; return true. Compare&swap is a universal atomic primitive, powerful enough to implement any other synchronization primitive that performs an atomic read-modify-write sequence on a memory location, and is a building block for mutual exclusion algorithms and for safe concurrent updates to data structures such as queues and lists. The following RISC-V assembly implements a compare&swap, where t0 is the 'old' register, t1 is the 'new' register, and the address of the word in memory that the sequence attempts to swap atomically is in s0. The sequence returns success (1) or failure (0) in register t2. Fill in the gaps in the code. #1: add t2, zero, zero. #2: lr.d t3, (____). #3: bne ____, t3, ____. #4: sc.d ____, (____), ____. #5: exit:. #6: addi ____, ____, zero.

Write a 1500-word research design on "The Role of Social Media in Music Preference among Gen Z" with the following sections. 1. Introduction (240 words): What is the research topic? What trend does it represent, and how is it a recent development? What is the significance, meaning what is missing from current knowledge, and what are the theoretical and societal significance? Use relevant trend information (for example, figures showing something is increasing), 5 APA-style citations, and theory or concepts to put the topic into context. 2. Literature review (at least eight sources): What does the existing literature say? What are the strengths and limitations of existing studies? How do the discussions contribute to the formulation of your research questions? Identify key issues, findings, and concepts, say which you will focus on, and mention the gap in the literature that justifies the research. 3. Research questions and/or hypotheses: present focused, narrowed-down, interesting, and relevant major and minor research questions and/or hypotheses. 4. Methods: What are the research design and methods, and why? What primary data will you gather? Which sampling strategy will you use and why? What problems do you anticipate (including gaining access to documents, organizations, and people), and what safety and ethical issues? Which skills do you need to acquire, and how and when? What is the timetable? Specify the design (for example, cross-sectional, survey, case study, comparative), methodology (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed), methods (questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, focus groups), and sampling strategy (convenience, snowball, purposive, stratified), and justify each choice. Explain how data will be collected and analysed, your collection instrument and its key themes, how the themes link to the concepts from the literature review (how the concepts will be operationalized), how ethics protocol will be followed, and the limitations (advantages and disadvantages, such as reliability, validity, and ethics) of your approach.

Write a college-level book review of the book "Hiroshima" that follows these rules: it must be at least 2 pages long with numbered pages (roughly 600 words); cite the textbook and the book you are reviewing; use parenthetical citations in MLA or APA format (whichever your major uses); and contain a "Works Cited" page that lists the sources consulted for the essay.

This semester we have learned a variety of statistical techniques, and statistics is used in the business world in many ways: understanding consumer behavior, identifying patterns and trends in markets, calculating risk and loss for investments using probability, and balancing supply and demand. Choose one of these, or consult the textbook to find another way in which statistics is used in your specific business interest. Using your textbook and the internet as resources, research how one of these processes is done. Write a 2-3 page paper describing the process. Be sure to provide an example, as well as any relevant data representations, and describe in detail any statistical or probabilistic processes that are used.

Write a 1000-word essay based on Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. Use formal, academic language appropriate for an essay. Create a completely arguable, specific, and meaningful thesis statement, and write topic sentences related to the thesis. Use quotations from the novel as evidence in every paragraph to support the argument. Include an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph, with MLA in-text citations and a works cited section. Each body section should follow this structure: (1) topic sentence, (2) explain the idea, (3) insert a quotation drawn from the novel as evidence, and (4) explain why the quotation is important to the topic sentence.

Write a 3-page essay (double spaced, 12-point font) using MLA or APA citations and including a works cited page. Throughout the term, we have studied various forms of revolutions and theories of government. Using the two sources below, compare and contrast the values of democracy and fascism. Each comes from a very different historical period. What can be learned by comparing them? Do the values expressed in these two documents have any commonalities? Which? How? What are their chief disagreements? What would members of the Estates General say to Mussolini's argument? Sources: the Estates General's "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" and Benito Mussolini's "What is Fascism".

For the film "We Shall Remain: Wounded Knee" (PBS, 2009), answer the following question in a 1,200-word review: Is this film a useful educational resource for college students learning about the history of the United States during the period it covers? Why or why not? In your answer, critically analyze the film's interpretation of events (does it represent its subject in a fair and accurate way?) as well as its aesthetic qualities (is watching it an enjoyable experience?). You do not need to provide citations or a Works Cited page, but include the full name of the film, the director, the production company, and the year of release. Your review should summarize the main topics of the film and provide evidence from the most relevant scenes to support your thesis about whether or not the film is a useful educational resource.

Write an essay of at least 1000 words for a course on sustainable organizations. Describe any 5 reasons why it might be difficult for government interventions to perfectly resolve positive and negative externalities. Include any relevant definitions in your answer, use headings with analysis, and give real-life examples and relate them to your points.