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Have interest groups helped sustaining democracy? Why? Why not?

Respond to only one of the following prompts:  What is the basis and history of the Syrian civil war and the continuing persecution of Kurdish people, minorities and political opposition groups?  What are the prospects for the peace?  What are the next steps that are important?   Propose specific measures within a multilateral framework that the U.S. should advocate for to alleviate the refugee crisis resulting from the Syrian conflict. Discuss how collaboration with other nations be can leveraged to create effective joint strategies, policies, and coordinated efforts to resolve the conflict and implement a lasting peace agreement. Analyze the effectiveness of current humanitarian aid efforts in the context of the specific challenges faced by the six minority groups targeted in the Syrian Civil War. What improvements or innovations can be suggested for a more efficient and impactful delivery of aid to the minorities and political opposition groups? What are the "lessons learned" about U.S. policy in Syria and attempts to prevent violations of human rights, crimes against humanity and Genocide?  What diplomatic tools and soft diplomacy should be used?   Discussions will serve as writing practice for your other major assignments.  Your writing should be direct and succinct. Your statements or points of view should be supported by evidence from the required and recommended readings.

The questions for you to consider are thus: What were the key new contributions to political thought (i.e. questions about divine right) which became necessary to explain and justify the modern democratic nation-state? Was the development of social contract theory in response to these developments and if so, which modern theorist represents the most developed form of social contract theory? What are the similarities/differences in the way that these four theorists conceptualize the social contract? Do the modern theorists succeed in their justifications and arguments that there is a moral superiority inherent within democracy when compared against other institutional arrangements, even in light of the criticisms of democracy put forward by the ancients? To answer these questions, you must identify and discuss the theoretical requirements of the modern democratic nation-state, as shaped by Enlightenment-based, modern political thought. To do this, you should choose a representative sample of the following terms and use them to underpin your answer: Body Politic Citizen/the Individual Common Good Community Human Nature Individualism Justice/Law Polity/State Private Property Equality Power/Authority Reason To answer this question, you must do the following: Be able to articulate the basic tenets of 'social contract' theory. Locate Machiavelli within the parameters of social contract theory. Select a meaningful combination of at least of enough of the terms listed above to make a convincing argument about the development of the body politic and/or social contract theory. To underpin your argument(s), you need to have selected quotes (and/or definition) from each philosopher pertaining to the terms chosen.

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION SHORT MIDTERM PAPER PROMPT All students must write a paper on the topic below. Your paper must be no fewer than 5 and no more than 7 double?spaced typewritten pages, not including the cover page (12?point Times New Roman type with full 1?inch/2.54 cm margins on all sides). Your paper is due no later than 11:59 p.m. PDT on Sunday, July 21, 2024 via the Assignments tab on Canvas. You are encouraged to discuss the material covered in class among yourselves, on the Canvas Discussion Board, for example, or in self?initiated study groups, but it is expected that your paper be your own work. Be sure to cite all direct quotations from texts using quotation marks, and be sure to provide citations for ideas taken from texts or lectures as well (even if you are not using a direct quotation). You are not permitted to read drafts of each other’s work and give feedback on it by using discussion boards such as Discord.com. You are also reminded that any use of AI in preparing your paper is strictly prohibited (even for checking spelling and grammar) and will be treated as cheating. (Please review the Addendum to the University’s Academic Integrity Policy specifically regarding AI, on pp. 5?6 of the Syllabus.) Please use the short form of citation instead of endnotes or footnotes, by indicating author’s last name, abbreviated title if we have used more than one work by that author, and page numbers in parentheses after the passage or idea being cited. For example, cite Mao, "On New Democracy" or Mao, “On Practice”, but simply Liu, pp. xx?xx (since “How to be a Good Communist” is the only work by Liu Shaoqi assigned). If it is clear from your paragraph that you are referring to Mao or Liu, you may cite the title alone. Lecture notes should be cited as "Week 3 Lecture, p. 5", and handouts should be cited by the title of the handout.) Direct quotations should be taken from the reading, not from the lecture notes (a secondary source), whenever possible, so that you can check the context and make sure that you are citing it appropriately. Since you may not use or cite sources not assigned for this class, endnotes or footnotes must not be used. Do not include a Works Cited page. If you do, you will be penalized 5 points. In order to facilitate the instructor’s “blind” grading practice, your paper must begin with a separate cover page. The cover page is the only page on which your full name should appear, together, with page numbers and your Personal ID (PID) number–but no last name—in a header at the top of each all pages following the cover page. The text of the paper should begin on the first full page following the cover page. This means that the cover page should be numbered “page 0”.  Prompte Contemplate the following observations regarding the Russian Revolution: Marx and Engels had viewed the peasantry as "petty bourgeois" (petit bourgeois in French) and, onthe whole, had dismissed the peasants as an insignificant force in a proletarian socialist revolution. Vladimir I. Lenin, disillusioned by the lack of success on the part of the Russian Narodnik (populist) intelligentsia in arousing the peasants to rebel against the tsarist regime in the 19th century, initially agreed with this view. However, when confronted with Russia's actual experience ?? with a peasantry that constituted approximately 80% of its population ?? before and after the abortive 1905 Revolution, Lenin conceded that the peasants were a significant revolutionary force and that a smychka (alliance) between the proletariat and the peasantry ?? albeit a temporary one ?? would be necessary for Russia's proletarian socialist revolution to succeed. This idea of an alliance between the peasantry and the proletariat in a socialist revolution, along with his thesis regarding the need for a vanguard party that was clandestine, "steeled" and "tempered "in revolutionary theory, and uniquely equipped to bring revolutionary consciousness to the workers "from without", can be viewed as two of Lenin's most important contributions to what came to be known as Bolshevism (Marxism?Leninism) ?? a "russification" of Marxism, that is, an adaptation of Marxism to Russia. It is difficult to envisage the culmination of the revolutionary crisis in Russia in the creation of a new revolutionary order in October 1917 without the incorporation of these contributions into Bolshevik strategy. ? Germaine A. Hoston What role did the Chinese peasantry play in creating the prolonged revolutionary crisis following the 1911 political revolution that culminated in the success of the Chinese Communist Party in building a strong popular basis for its revolutionary movement in the rural base areas from the late 1920s through World War II in 1945? Your answer should include answers to the following sub?questions: 1. What was the “sinification of Marxism”? 2. What role did the party's interaction with the peasantry play in the "sinification" of Marxism ?? the adaptation of Marxism and Leninism to China ?? made by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi? 3. Conversely, what was the significance of the party's sinification of Marxism ?? including its appeal to Chinese nationalism ?? for the role the peasantry itself played in transforming what began as a "political revolution" and prolonged political crisis (under warlordism and during the Northern Expedition) into a "revolutionary crisis" that was socio?economic in nature? (In other words, what was the relationship between the newly adapted theory of the Chinese revolution and the practical implementation of it in the CCP base areas?) Your answer must make a single sustained, coherent argument regarding the sinification of Marxism supported by copious quotations and/or citations from the primary and secondary sources assigned. Be sure to define "revolutionary crisis" (referring to the Skocpol readings) as well as the "peasantry" as a socio? economic class and cite specific events (which may include events prior to the 1911 revolution when you discuss Chinese "nationalism"). If there are no references to the readings, you will not receive a passing grade on your paper.

Question: Do you agree or disagree that individual racism and institutional racism exists in the United States? If you do not, explain what the basis is for such a conclusion?  What facts, empirical evidence or information suggests such a finding is possible given the strength of the anecdotal, qualitative and quantitative evidence to the contrary? To begin with, what is racism?  According to Webster: -a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race -a doctrine or political program based on the assumption of racism and designed to execute its principles -a political or social system founded on racism -racial prejudice or discrimination What is institutional racism? -Institutional racism:  describes the way that institutions discriminate directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, through their structures and organizations to support or maintain racism. (Equal Opportunity Unit, Flinders University) -Institutional racism (another definition): -This type of racism occurs in respected and essential forces in society and therefore receives far less public condemnation, e.g. laws, clubs, deeds (for flats and houses omitting ownership for some). -It is the manner in which social institutions have functioned to oppress and control minority groups within larger societies. -They are frequently covert acts (secret, disguised, not open or explicit) they are far more subtle and less identifiable in terms of specific individuals committing acts.  (Ngaaga-Ngaaga Kooriduraay Aboriginal Awareness Program, TAFE NSW) -Institutional racism: (another definition) refers to a pattern of distribution of social goods, including power, which regularly and systematically advantages some ethnic and racial groups and disadvantages others. It operates through key institutions: organized social arrangements through which social goods and services are distributed. (Chambers and Pettman, 1986:7) -Institutional Racism: (and yet another definition) the systematic distribution of resources, power and opportunity in our society to the benefit of people who are white and the exclusion of people of color. (solid-ground.org)

The material required to write this paper is Distinction by Bourdieu and the film "people like us" (1999). Write an essay no more than 1400 words. The purpose of this assignment is to make connections between Pierre Bourdieu’s theories and contemporary societies. The most successful essays will integrate Bourdieu’s insights into a rich and detailed analysis. Be sure to make explicit references to the course texts, and cite your sources. Analyze Matt Heid. Analyze the specific challenges of social mobility that this person faces, using Bourdieu’s insights about the dynamics of group identity and distinction. Try to develop a rich and insightful analysis of this person’s place in society. You should be sure to specify various forms of social group identity, habitus, cultural capital, and mechanisms of distinction that are at work there.

write  the essay, it is a research essay and we choose to use secondary sources the topic is history of gender and education in canada

Essays must be a minimum of 2 pages in length, double spaced, 1 inch margins, 12 point font, and written in Times New Roman. find out who your representatives are, in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. When writing your essay, you will need to identify and include the following information, for each of these three representatives. Do not simply copy and paste what is on the website. Gather the information and compile it to write a thorough essay. Submissions that simply list answers, using numeric or bullet points will automatically receive a 0

The World Bank is preparing to review its next round of country development initiatives for the upcoming year. As a World Bank official tasked with preparing a country development report to the president of the World Bank, you must analyze the current development situation in your assigned country, describing its advantages and challenges for economic growth. You must then create a country development plan for your country based on your analysis and should include realistic policy recommendations to help lift your country above the poverty line in the next 5-10 years. Chicago style citations (same as before) May rely on class readings, lectures, original research Suggested structure: Introduction (write this last) Part 1: Summarize your country’s situation What is its current development situation (GDP, life expectancy, education, etc)? What are the current challenges to its development? What assets does your country possess (natural resources, talent, geographic location, others)? Part 2: What do you recommend that your country do to improve its development? Provide three recommendations that clearly connect to the assets and challenges you identified in part 1 Be realistic Conclusion/summary/final observation Country of choice: BURKINA FASO

For the course project, you will conduct research on a comparative politics project that will require you to write a 5-page research paper in which you analyze and discuss the impact of a major political, economic, and/or social issue in Mexico, France, China, or Iran, or the United States. In your research paper, you will also provide a recommendation to resolve the major political, economic, and/or social issue that you are addressing. Select only one foreign nation as your focus. For this week’s project submission, you should draft a 1-paragraph paper to briefly discuss your intended topic selection and at least 5 credible and scholarly sources. As you select your topic, think of some issues that you find interesting, such as trade policies, language unity, gun control, immigration policies, labor movement, currency exchange, taxation, racism, income disparity, education rights, etc. Your topic selection should be no more than one paragraph, not including your list of references. In your paragraph, you should include why you are interested in this topic.