Instructions: After going through each and every reading in detail these are readings which are below i have provided pdf write an original post of 250-300 words that conveys your thoughts about the following question: The Unit 02 Discussion is based on the following required resources:Department of Justice, Government of Canada, Sections 222-240 Criminal Code of CanadaAfter reviewing these resources, turn to the questions below:What factors do you think make a homicide more serious and why? What makes a homicide less serious and why?In this course, our discussions are what we describe as ‘asynchronous’; that is, students discuss an assigned question, exchanging ideas related to this question at varying points each week. A key benefit of asynchronous online discussions is that students can participate whenever it is most convenient (although see grading rubric about timing of posts below) and can think about the weekly discussion questions before participating. In this way, students often feel better prepared as they have read and engaged with the course materials before participating (which is also one of the important aspects discussed in the grading rubric below).The purpose of the discussion forums is to have students engage with course material and then demonstrate their understanding of course materials by expressing/explaining an idea, responding to other group members’ ideas, and/or developing a thread of ideas together as a group. In this way, students learn from the instructor, the course materials, and each other. It further provides students with ongoing opportunities to review, reflect upon, and apply new knowledge such as concepts, theories, or research findings. This will help when students are working on their two major writing assignments for this course which also requires knowledge of and engagement with course materials. There will be diverse perspectives and that is o.k. However, all students must strive to be constructive and considerate if they disagree with any of their group members. It is okay to challenge and disagree with each other but only if it is done in a respectful manner. Note: There is no single ‘right answer’ and the approach you describe need not reflect all of the tactics! The goal here is to generate discussion and share ideas about how best to engage in challenging conversations about climate change. After you have made your original post, read some of the posts from your classmates and construct one reply post of 100-150 words that responds to one of your group-mate’s original posts. Your reply post should be written such that it does one or more of: identifies something that you find especially interesting or insightful about your classmate’s original post; poses an engaging and relevant question and/or builds on the ideas from your classmate’s original post; raises a real-life experience or observation that you feel would be relevant to illustrate or help further develop an idea or point in your classmate’s original post. Please note that you will need to make an original post before you can read and respond to your peers’ posts ¨write in 260 words. follow proper guidelines as given in beginning. Use AP7 STYLE OWL PURDE. Provide reference. Write in on own words. ¨Some points to keep in mind: Be clear and to the point in your postings. Edit your work. Your posts should be coherent and use proper grammar and spelling. Keep postings to 250-300 words. Quality is better than quantity. Contribute your own thoughts about the material you have read. Support your thoughts by referencing the video and docx provided and other outside literature. Raise additional questions or points of discussion to stimulate further discussion If you have questions, show that you have already tried to find a solution. Respect the viewpoints of your peers. Ask for clarification if you don’t understand a point. Assume good intentions. Use the proper terminology introduced in the course readings. When using literature in your postings, make sure to provide references in proper APA Style. Show respect and sensitivity to peers' gender, cultural and linguistic background, political, and religious beliefs.You are strongly encouraged to take the time to review the following documents on writing quality discussion posting and on taking roles in discussions. PREPARING TO WRITE1. Read assigned material—critically—and take notes as you read: Who wrote this material (a respected expert? an activist with a specific aim or belief?) Do they have any possible biases? Are studies reliable and valid? (What kind of research was performed?) When was this material written? Are the definitions/conditions/opinions described still accur vant? ate/rele Is an opinion expressed? How might someone disagree? How does this material relate to other concepts and theories you are studying? (Remember, instructors choose readings with a plan in mind—try to imagine why they have assigned this reading) Does the article complement other things you have learned? Is it in opposition? 2. Read and understand the discussion question or topic provided by your instructor • What are you asked to do? (Formulate an opinion? Respond to a question? Explain a concept or theory?) • How are you asked to do this? What kind of information are you expected to include (e.g., supporting quotations or references, examples, etc.) Do you need to bring in outside research? 3. Sort out the finer details • Is there a word maximum? Minimum? (Most posts will be 1?2 paragraphs maximum). • How many times are you expected to post? (Find out if you are required to post a certain number of times per question, per week, etc.) • How much of your grade is this component worth? Each post? Budget your time accordinglyAre you expected to respond to other students’ posts? What proportion of original posts versus responses are you asked to provide?INITIAL POSTS - An initial post is a response to the original question presented by the course instructor, or the opening post on a particular topic (i.e., not responding to other students’ posts). Consider each post a “mini?thesis,” in which you state a position and provide support for it. If you are responding to a question, be sure to 1. Take a position: Provide a clear answer to the question (incorporate some of the wording of the question in your answer if possible). 2. Offer a reasoned argument: Provide an explanation for your point of view, and use evidence from your text, notes, or outside research (where appropriate) to support your point. 3. Stay focused: End with a summary comment to explain the connection between your evidence and the question (how your evidence proves your point). Your post might also introduce a question or idea that others can follow up on. But make sure you have answered the question first! Discussion Grading Rubric: Discusssion Marking rubric. A+ Discussion Post A+ CriteriaExcellent16 - 20 points Posted early and continued toTimeliness make contributions throughout each week.PostsQuantity of Posted more than three times each week.Posts Overall Score Level 5 All original posts were directly related to the question, were thoughtful, and includedQuality of references to the course readings.All response posts engaged classmates in further dialogue on the topic. 48 and above Original Initial Post(8-10 points) Length guidelines met. writing is clear and engaging; approach clearly described, including tactics it would reflect.approach connected to/rationalized in terms of QUESTION: We typically think of homicide as a crime and a criminal justice issue. However, as we learned in this unit, it is also a public health issue. Discuss why we continue to see homicide as a crime only and what the benefits would be of broadening our understanding of this type of violence as a public health issue. It should contain no spelling errors and typos READINGS which have to be used Resources and link which has to be used are five pdf which have to be analsyed and use proeprly. NO OTHER SOURCE HAS TO BE USED ONLY these readings has to be used . No outsource has to be used. First you have go through these readings and First you have go through these readings and Readings are as follows: I have attached the pdf in order READING:1 Department of Justice, Justice Laws Website. Homicide, Sections 222-240 of the Criminal Code of Canada (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46) https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/page... READING:2 Handbook of Homicide. Homicide in Canada [Read pages 348-349] Dawson, M. READING:3 Canadian Journal of Criminology. Canadian homicide rates: A comparison of two data sources Gabor, T., Hung, K., Mihoren, S., St. Onge, C. READING:4Homicide Studies. Shooting for Accuracy: Comparing Data Sources on Mass Murder Huff-Corzine, L., J.C. McCutcheon, et al. READING :5United Nations. Methodological Annex : Global Study on Homicide 2019 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Reading6: Unit 02 Definitions of Homicide A common class discussion activity in introductory courses on crime and deviance is to have students describe what they perceive to be the most serious types of crime. As you can guess, homicide always tops the list. This means that homicide is most often perceived as a ‘consensus crime’— perceived as an objective phenomenon, which all members of society believe is wrong, harmful or criminal.Students are then asked, “Well, that means that you think a person should be charged with homicide, if…” and different scenarios are provided. At this point, what typically happens is that, depending on the scenario, some of the class will think that a killing is criminal and should be punished, whereas others will not, depending on various factors. This means that homicide may also be a ‘conflict crime’ — perceived as a subjective phenomenon, which only some members of society believe is wrong, harmful or criminal, depending on the circumstances.The first objective of this unit is to begin to understand what we mean by the term ‘homicide’ and to learn the differences between legal and social definitions because, as is evident from above, homicide, like any other crime or social behaviour, can be defined as an objective or subjective phenomenon.Many members of society view homicide as an objective social fact that can be identified through criteria set out in Sections 222 through 240 of the Criminal Code of Canada (CCC). To review, please go to the Criminal Code of Canada and find these sections related to homicide. Then go to the section ‘Legal Framework’ on page 348-349 in your first required reading which is a chapter I wrote for an international collection called The Handbook on Homicide. Here I briefly describe the legal definitions of homicide in the Canadian context which should help you understand the sections in the CCC in a more accessible manner. At this point, you should understand and be able to describe the differences between culpable and non-culpable homicide as well as the types of culpable homicide in Canada.Compare this to the definition used by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) for the Global Study on Homicide which focuses on ‘intentional homicide’ as: Homicide is defined as “unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury”. This statistical definition contains three elements that characterize the killing of a person as “intentional homicide” (UNODC, 2018: i):Causing the death of a person (objective criterion) Intentionality (subjective criterion) Unlawfulness (legal criterion)For recording purposes, all killings that meet the criteria listed above are to be considered intentional homicides, irrespective of definitions provided by national legislations or practices. And, according to this definition, the following nine categories should explicitly be included in the count of victims of intentional homicide (UNODC, 2019: XIV):Honour killing Serious assault leading to death Death as a result of terrorist offences Dowry-related killing Femicide Infanticide Voluntary manslaughter Extrajudicial killing Killing caused by excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials Dig Deeper For those who wish to read further, see the Methodological Anex to The Global Study on Homicide 2019 (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019).In contrast to the above more legal definitions, which are perceived as objective, others argue that homicide and its severity is more subjective, meaning that the lines between criminal and non-criminal homicide (or culpable and non-culpable as you just learned) are not always clear, are often socially constructed, and are defined more often in the social, rather than the legal, context. Furthermore, as is often the case with crime, it has been argued that what is defined as criminal is relative across time and space. For example, a killing may be defined as a culpable homicide in one country or time period, but not defined as such in another country or time period. It may also be that there is such disagreement over whether a death was a homicide that a third party must step in and hear the facts to make this determination.This occurred in the death of Ashley Smith, who died while in custody at the Grand Valley Institution for Women in Kitchener and became the subject of an inquest by the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario as discussed in the following Toronto Star report: Vincent, D. and Zlomislic, D. (Dec. 19, 2013). Ashley Smith inquest: Death a homicide, jury rules.Academics and researchers, including sociological criminologists, often focus on homicide as a social, rather than a legal, phenomenon. You will see throughout the readings and this course that the victim-perpetrator relationship is often a crucial element when defining the social type of homicide. In the coming weeks, building on the legal definitions of homicide introduced here, we will examine these varying social types of homicide to learn how they differ with respect to their characteristics and explanations as well as in the social and legal responses to such acts. Reading 7: Data Sources on Homicide Web Page Previous Next reading:8 Strengths and Weaknesses of Homicide Data Sources Web Page Previous Next Reflect in ePortfolioDownloadPrintPrevious Next Discussion question: After reviewing these resources, turn to the questions below:What factors do you think make a homicide more serious and why? What makes a homicide less serious and why?
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