Write a 1200-word essay with MLA-style references on the following question. What constitutes an appropriate role for the judiciary? Some people argue that courts have become too powerful and that judges legislate from the bench. What does it mean for a court to be activist? What does it mean for a court to show judicial restraint? Although conservatives have long complained about the activism of liberal justices and judges, in recent years liberals have pointed out that conservative judges and justices are now more likely to overturn precedents and question the power of elected institutions of government. Conservatives counter by saying they are simply returning to an older precedent that had been ignored by liberals. If both liberals and conservatives engage in judicial activism, what is the role of the concept of "activism" (perhaps judicial activism is just a term used to describe a court decision you disagree with)?
Answer the following questions on the Indian Constitution. PART A: Answer each in 3 lines. (a) What is meant by equality in the eye of the law? (b) Explain the right to freedom. (c) What is the importance of fraternity? (d) What is the right to property? (e) Discuss the right to constitutional remedies. (f) Explain the importance of the anti-defection law in the Indian Constitution. (g) Elucidate sovereignty and socialism. (h) Name the three writs available to secure the fundamental rights of citizens. (i) Summarize the role of the anti-defection law. (j) What is the importance of including fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution? PART B: Answer one option from each question. 2. (a) "Equality is one of the magnificent cornerstones of Indian democracy." Explain. (b) Explain the importance of sovereignty and socialism in the Indian Constitution. OR (c) What are the major committees of the Constituent Assembly? (d) Explain the historical evolution of the Indian Constitution. 3. (a) Briefly mention the main provisions of the 1947 Act and their importance in the Constitution. (b) "Right to freedom is one of the most fundamental rights assured by the Indian Constitution." Explain. OR (c) Describe the outstanding features of the Constitution. (d) Examine the federal features of the Indian Constitution. 4. (a) Explain political justice, social justice, and economic justice as mentioned in the Preamble. (b) Name the committees of the Constituent Assembly in drafting the Indian Constitution. OR (c) Discuss in detail the Right to Education Act and its importance in society. (d) Explain in detail the right against exploitation and how it is helpful to society. 5. (a) Describe the powers and functions of the High Court of India. (b) Write briefly about the great qualities of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and how they have inspired you. OR (c) Describe the powers and functions of the Supreme Court of India. (d) Explain the salient features and the importance of implementing the Jan Lokpal Bill. 6. (a) Discuss the powers and privileges of the President of India as laid down under the Indian Constitution. (b) Summarize the importance of the Right to Information Act in the Indian Constitution. OR (c) Explain in detail the right to freedom of religion and how it is useful to society. (d) Write the factors that led Indian leaders to develop the Indian Constitution.
Henry and Wendy married in California in 2012. Henry got a job as an auto mechanic. Wendy's aunt, who owned a house free and clear of any mortgage, gave it to Wendy. Wendy then added Henry on the title document to the house. Wendy and Henry lived in the house. Wendy then began singing with a local band. Some years later, Wendy and the band began traveling and performing across the state. The band was profitable, and Wendy sent money home to Henry and stayed with him periodically. Henry decided to purchase an auto repair garage and applied for a loan from a bank for that purpose. Because Wendy was on the road with her band, Henry forged Wendy's signature on the loan documents without her knowledge. The bank approved the loan, using the house as collateral. Henry purchased the auto repair garage with the loan funds. Title to the auto repair garage was taken in Henry's and Wendy's names in joint tenancy. After a while, Wendy told Henry that the marriage was over. She stopped returning home and also stopped sending money to Henry. She began making independent investments with her earnings. Henry was unable to make the loan payments and the bank demanded payment of the loan in full. Shortly thereafter, Wendy filed for dissolution of marriage. What are Henry's and Wendy's respective rights and liabilities, if any, regarding: (1) the house? Discuss. (2) The bank loan? Discuss. (3) The auto repair garage? Discuss. (4) Wendy's investments? Discuss. Answer according to California law.
A patient weighs 70 kg and has been prescribed digoxin to treat heart failure. The daily dose was increased gradually and reached 600 mcg on day 25. Calculate the stationary (steady-state) concentration of the drug in the blood. Is it possible to further increase the dose? Reference data: bioavailability F = 70%; volume of distribution Vd = 6.29 L/kg; half-life T1/2 is about 40 hours; therapeutic range 0.8 to 2 ng/mL. Show the dosage regimen of the drug on a graph.
Let X have probability density function f(x) = c/x for 1 <= x <= n, and f(x) = 0 otherwise, where n > 1 is a constant. (a) For what value of c is f(x) a valid probability density function? (b) Find the expected value E(X) and the variance Var(X) of X. (c) Find the 50th percentile of X. (Hint: use that exp(ln z) = z for z > 0, and ln 1 = 0.)
Let X and Y have joint probability density function f(x, y) = xy/4 for 0 < x < 1 and 0 < y < 4, and f(x, y) = 0 otherwise. Find the marginal density f_X(x) of X.
Consider the following coloring questions about complete graphs. (a) Consider K_16, the complete graph with 16 nodes. Each node is colored cardinal, gold, or purple. Prove that there is a node which is the same color as at least 5 of its neighbor nodes. (b) Consider K_{14,16}, the complete bipartite graph with 14 nodes on the left and 16 nodes on the right. Now each edge is colored one of x colors. We want the edges to be colored such that, for any node, all of the edges incident to that node are different colors. What is the minimum value of x necessary? Explain your answer.
You start with the array [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]. Below are intermediate states of various sorting algorithms run on this starting array. For each state, identify which sorting algorithm (Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, or Merge Sort) is being used. (a) [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 3, 2, 1] (b) [8, 9, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] (c) [6, 7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1]
The capacity of a knapsack is 13. Solve the following 0-1 knapsack problem. Items (i, profit p_i, weight w_i, p_i/w_i): (1, $20, 2, $10), (2, $30, 5, $6), (3, $35, 7, $5), (4, $12, 3, $4), (5, $3, 1, $3). Use (a) the backtracking algorithm, (b) breadth-first search with branch and bound pruning, and (c) best-first search with branch and bound pruning. All algorithms use the optimal fractional knapsack algorithm to compute the upper bound of the profit. Show the actions step by step, including how the bound is calculated for each node.
A permutation p of the numbers {1, 2, ..., n} is called a derangement if p[i] is not equal to i for all i. For example, p = [2, 3, 1] is a derangement but q = [2, 1, 3] is not, since q[3] = 3. (Permutations here are arrays indexed as p[1..n].) (a) Give an O(n) expected-time algorithm to compute a uniform random derangement of {1, 2, ..., n}. Do not give code. (Hint: the number of derangements of {1, 2, ..., n} is the integer closest to n!/e, where e = 2.718... is Euler's constant.) (b) Prove your algorithm is correct. (c) Prove your algorithm has expected running time O(n).
