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You have to write a policy brief on US-Russian (or a country of your choice) relations and their immediate future for the period from 2024 and 2026. A policy brief is a written report to justify a particular government policy chosen over other options. In most cases, policy briefs are produced upon a request from a government’s agency or some other institution. In our case, you are asked to prepare a policy brief for the Committee on Foreign Affairs at the US House of Representatives. Policy briefs should contain compelling factual materials about the current state of affairs and a critical assessment of these facts. Policy briefs also contain arguments to justify the recommended policy, the expected benefits, as well as possible problems if the policy is implemented. In your present report, you have to evaluate the current status if US-Russia relations from your point of view and propose specific policy steps for the future. As a professional, you are expected to compare and contrast different views and opinions of US-Russia relations and the United States’ policy toward Russia. It is recommended to review the following articles written in the past (updated) by policy experts from leading think-tanks and universities (below). Feel free to select other articles. The Wilson Center:https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/scenarios-post-putin-russia The Heritage Foundation: https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/the-us-and-its-allies-must-understand-and-respond-russias-nuclear-threats The Carnegie Foundation https://carnegieendowment.org/politika/90543 The Brookings Institution https://www.brookings.edu/regions/eurasia/russia/ The National Interest https://nationalinterest.org/feature/america-needs-palmerstonian-foreign-policy-206724 The Nation https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/us-russia-putin-relations-nato/ Which articles (except the suggested ones) did you choose for your analysis? Summarize their conclusions in 1-2 paragraphs. Which position or opinion do you tend to support and why? Which view do you not support and why? What is your view? What policies—from your point of view—should the United States conduct toward Russia in 2025-26? Describe specific policies and specific areas. In which areas could the United States and Russia cooperate? Do you support economic and pollical sanctions and why? Do you think that any form of cooperation with Russia is in fact a helping gesture to Putin’s authoritarian regime? What positive outcomes do you expect if your policy is implemented? What negative consequences do you expect if your recommendations fail? Review your paper and provide a catchy, original opening and a similar conclusion for your brief. Suggested length of you brief: at least 3,000 words

Write an essay on the questions it raises, trying to produce a single, integrated paper with a clearly stated thesis (which should be underlined) and well-developed line of argument, even though the topic may consist of several distinct quotation and questions. Support your argument with lots of evidence from the required reading by providing page references, but do not use long quotations. You are welcome to use whichever citation system you prefer (Harvard, MLA, etc.), but are required to use that system correctly. You are also required to use the Stephanos pagination (the pagination in the left and right margins of the text) in all citations of Plato’s Republic. Failure to provide textual evidence or to use the Stephanos pagination when citing the text will result in substantial penalties. Essays should be 3-5 pages long (approximately 900-1500 words), double-spaced, using a 12 pt. font and one-inch margins. Also, be sure to indicate explicitly the specific prompt. You are not required to agree with the views expressed in the questions and quotations. “When all is said and done no one wants to be ruled by self-interested, narrow-minded ideologues. If philosophers are truly able to care more for the common good than their private goods and to take a larger view of the needs of society, why not let them rule? No doubt there are dangers in doing so, but there are far more dangers in not doing so.” Write an essay that examines the issues raised in this quotation. In the course of your analysis, be sure to explain whether you agree or disagree with the view it expresses, and why.

The 2 surveys that she mentions we took are the screenshots of the Political Compass and the Political Typology Quiz. I have what I need you to continue the paper on and I have the questions below the thesis and next to the questions are how I feel about the questions, I agree with them all. The thesis and 3 questions that I turned in that you have to go off of to write the paper is this: Thesis: I had taken 2 political surveys to see where I would fall on the scale of political views and on the first one I was 2nd to the last block on the right which was called committed conservatives. On the second survey I was surprised and also confused on some of the questions and I ended up falling on the authoritarian/left side. It was odd for me to see the difference in both of the surveys because overall I would say I lean way more towards the right and conservative side and not so much for the left. 3 questions: 1. How much of a problem, if any, would you say each of the following are in the country today? People being too easily offended by things others say. (Pew Research Center page 10) I think people get offended very easily now in days. 2. Governments should penalize businesses that mislead the public. Strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or strongly agree. (The Political Compass page 2) I agree to this statement. 3. Abortion, when the woman’s life is not threatened, should always be illegal. Strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or strongly agree. (The Political Compass page 3) I agree to this statement.

What do you think is the greatest challenge facing the United States in the next few decades? Describe the problem Why do you think this overshadows other issues? What do you think could be done to start solving it? Essay is worth 50 Points. Pay attention to composition, grammar, form, spelling and use of material from the textbook, documents, or videos. Approximately 500 to 750 words.

***** PLEASE DO NOT USE AI GENERATED SOFTWARE. IT IS CHECKED THOROUGHLY!! Assignment: In Federalist No. 51, Madison asks: “But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?”. Indeed, the Federalist Papers contain numerous reflections and comments on human nature, including arguments for why human nature necessitates certain governmental institutions and safeguards. Considering the Federalist Papers and Letters of Brutus assigned for class, how do these authors account for human nature? Are there any exceptions to their general depiction of human nature? With this understanding, how do the Federalists and Brutus characterize the people, politicians, and other ambitious individuals? What does this suggest for our expectations of democratic governance? Whose vision of human nature, the Federalists or Brutus, better matches their proposed organization of government and/or criticisms of the proposed Constitution? Finally, what might this mean for Publius’ question to the reader at the outset of Federalist No. 1, “…whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force”? Your answer should show a thoughtful consideration of the question, demonstrate your understanding of the material, and be supported with evidence from the text (including proper citation). Your writing should be clear and concise. These papers are not to be treated as “book reports.” You are constructing an argument but should not be inserting your opinions. Do not speak from the nagging or any other kind of “I,” and do not include any personal reflections (this includes evaluations of the respective author’s principles and thoughts). Avoid long introductions. You should begin by directly addressing the question and/or providing a “road map” for your paper. Additionally, do not include historical references that are not addressed by the author, and only use those examples if it furthers your answering of the question on the prompt. You do not need to create any context to answer the question. I want to see that you understand the Federalists’ and Brutus’ ideas/theories. Focus on the texts and use only the texts as a resource. This will include citing and quoting the Federalists and Brutus when necessary to show evidence for your answer. You should be mindful to pull broadly from the various texts whenever possible (do not pick from a small selection and expect that it will be sufficient to make your argument). With this in mind, do not over quote or pack your paper with dense quotes. Quotes should not be used without direction connection to or explanation of ideas. They should not introduce or conclude your paper or any given paragraph within your paper. Also, avoid using anachronistic (this includes comparing the author to contemporary issues, ideas, etc.) or extensive examples. ****Please read additional assignment details as well! Analytical Papers Your answer should show a thoughtful consideration of the question, demonstrate your understanding of the material, and be supported with evidence from the text (including quotes and proper citation). Your writing should be clear and concise. These papers are not to be treated as “book reports.” You are constructing an argument but should not be inserting your opinions. Do not speak from the nagging or any other kind of “I,” and do not include any personal reflections (this includes evaluations of the respective author’s principles and thoughts). Avoid long introductions. You should begin by directly addressing the question and/or providing a “road map” for your paper. Additionally, do not include historical references that are not addressed by the author, and only use those examples if it furthers your answering of the question on the prompt. You do not need to create any context to answer the question. I want to see that you understand the thinkers’ ideas/theories. Focus on the text and use only the text as a resource. This will include citing and quoting the author to show evidence for your answer. With this in mind, do not over quote or pack your paper with dense quotes. Quotes should not be used without direction connection to or explanation of ideas. They should not introduce or conclude your paper or any given paragraph within your paper. Also, avoid using anachronistic (this includes comparing the author to contemporary issues, ideas, etc.) or extensive examples. Please use standard formatting which includes 12-point font and 1-inch margins. Please remember to number the pages. Support your answer with evidence from the text and include proper citation where appropriate. When citing the assigned reading, provide a reference for which edition you are using at the end of the paper. Also, you should cite the texts using in-text citations that include the name of the text or author and the page number.

POLITICAL ACTION ASSIGNMENT Overview Political engagement is an important facet of American political life. It is always essential to be politically engaged in your local community. This assignment asks you to write an email to a local official in your community about an issue that concerns you. Learning Outcomes By completing this assignment, you will: Demonstrate your understanding of a branch of your local government. (Stephenville, Texas) Demonstrate your awareness of a current issue in your community. Professionally communicate, in writing, your opinion about a local issue in your community. Tasks Please write a brief email to a local elected official concerning an issue in your local community. You can select any recent issue in your community that affects you. Issues can range from public safety, legislation, corruption, public health, etc. Your email can be written to raise a concern or to compliment an official’s work but the tone should be professional and courteous. The email can be addressed to your local councilperson, congressperson, state senator, mayor’s office, etc. The email to the elected official should be at least one paragraph and 100-200 words. Include a link to a relevant news article or video on the issue you are writing about within the email. Note: It is not required that you actually send your email or receive a response to earn credit for this assignment, but you are required to create the correspondence in email/letter form and include a relevant link from a news source. Requirements Your email should be a minimum of 100-200 words and written in a professional, business-like tone. It should include a link to a relevant news article or video about the issue. Submit your email/letter in Microsoft Word (.docx) or PDF format. Requirements: 100-200 words

Write a 3-5 page research essay (double-spaced, 12 point font) on any country (other than the U.S.) of your choosing. The prompt for the essay is as follows: Choose a country in the world that you are interested in (as this is Poli Sci 2, please choose a country other than the U.S.). Research a current event in your chosen country by looking it up in the news. You must apply what you learned from class and the textbook to the current event you found. You must use specific things that you learned from class (lecture and the textbook) to give your own interpretation of the following two things: 1) What caused the event/situation in your chosen country? 2) What do you predict/forecast will be the long-term effects of the event/situation in your chosen country? For example, if you found news about a protest movement currently going on in your chosen country, you must then use ideas and concepts from class to analyze why the protest occurred and what you predict will happen to the protest. In your own analysis of these causes and effects of the political protest, you might integrate relevant things you learned about what explains political behavior, Authoritarian Institutions, Citizens and Regimes, Contentious Politics and Regime Change, Identity, Equality, and Inclusion, Political Economy, Markets, and Globalization, etc. Try to tie in as many concepts, ideas, and arguments from class that you think are relevant to the current event in your chosen country. You are required to include specific ideas from the assigned readings in the textbook to support what you say in your essay. When doing so, you must include citations. You are free to look up other sources in addition to your textbook while researching for your essay, but you are required to at least have citations to the assigned readings from the textbook. (Having no citations to the Bozonelos et al. free online textbook will result in point deductions.) Regarding citations, wherever you write about something from any source, you must immediately add a parenthetic citation at the end of the sentence. The parenthetic citation should be in the following format: (last name of author, section number) Example: If citing an idea about "democratic consolidation" found in Section 4.4 of the Bozonelos et al. free online textbook, you will give a parenthetic citation as follows: (Bozonelos et al., 4.4.) If citing from any online resources, for the purposes of this class, simply place the author’s last name and/or title of the online resource within parentheses as a parenthetic citation. Include the full web address (URL) on the bibliography, works cited, reference page at the end. You must include a works cited (bibliography or references) page at the end listing (alphabetically by last name) everything to which you cited in your essay. For any online resource, list the author’s name and/or title, web address (URL), and the date that you accessed it. Note: your works cited (bibliography or references) page WILL NOT be included in the page count for the required 3-5 pages. Your 12 points will be based on how well you really, really explain your thoughts and examples, how much and how well you integrate specific ideas from the assigned readings (with appropriate citations), and how well you write your essay to have no spelling/grammatical errors and/or readability issues. The more that you can include specific things that we covered in class to support your arguments and the more explanations that you provide, the better you will do on this essay. Please upload your essay here to Canvas (see upload/submission directions below). Your essay must be an actual file that can be uploaded (Microsoft Word document, PDF document, etc.) to Canvas. I will not accept links to your documents stored on sharable drives, cloud storage, etc. Beware: once you upload your essay, it automatically goes through an online plagiarism check against other essays submitted for this class, for other classes at ELAC and elsewhere, as well as material found on the internet. If your essay gets a “plagiarism alert”, it will not be tolerated and will require further disciplinary action in accordance with ELAC policy.

Choose a country in the world that you are interested in (as this is Poli Sci 2, please choose a country other than the U.S.). Research a current event in your chosen country by looking it up in the news. You must apply what you learned from class and the textbook to the current event you found. You must use specific things that you learned from class (lecture and the textbook) to give your own interpretation of the following two things: 1) What caused the event/situation in your chosen country? 2) What do you predict/forecast will be the long-term effects of the event/situation in your chosen country? For example, if you found news about a protest movement currently going on in your chosen country, you must then use ideas and concepts from class to analyze why the protest occurred and what you predict will happen to the protest. In your own analysis of these causes and effects of the political protest, you might integrate relevant things you learned about what explains political behavior, Authoritarian Institutions, Citizens and Regimes, Contentious Politics and Regime Change, Identity, Equality, and Inclusion, Political Economy, Markets, and Globalization, etc. Try to tie in as many concepts, ideas, and arguments from class that you think are relevant to the current event in your chosen country. You are required to include specific ideas from the assigned readings in the textbook to support what you say in your essay. When doing so, you must include citations. You are free to look up other sources in addition to your textbook while researching for your essay, but you are required to at least have citations to the assigned readings from the textbook. (Having no citations to the Bozonelos et al. free online textbook will result in point deductions.) Regarding citations, wherever you write about something from any source, you must immediately add a parenthetic citation at the end of the sentence. The parenthetic citation should be in the following format: (last name of author, section number) Example: If citing an idea about "democratic consolidation" found in Section 4.4 of the Bozonelos et al. free online textbook, you will give a parenthetic citation as follows: (Bozonelos et al., 4.4.) If citing from any online resources, for the purposes of this class, simply place the author’s last name and/or title of the online resource within parentheses as a parenthetic citation. Include the full web address (URL) on the bibliography, works cited, reference page at the end. You must include a works cited (bibliography or references) page at the end listing (alphabetically by last name) everything to which you cited in your essay. For any online resource, list the author’s name and/or title, web address (URL), and the date that you accessed it. Note: your works cited (bibliography or references) page WILL NOT be included in the page count for the required 3-5 pages. Your 12 points will be based on how well you really, really explain your thoughts and examples, how much and how well you integrate specific ideas from the assigned readings (with appropriate citations), and how well you write your essay to have no spelling/grammatical errors and/or readability issues. The more that you can include specific things that we covered in class to support your arguments and the more explanations that you provide, the better you will do on this essay. Please upload your essay here to Canvas (see upload/submission directions below). Your essay must be an actual file that can be uploaded (Microsoft Word document, PDF document, etc.) to Canvas. I will not accept links to your documents stored on sharable drives, cloud storage, etc. Beware: once you upload your essay, it automatically goes through an online plagiarism check against other essays submitted for this class, for other classes at ELAC and elsewhere, as well as material found on the internet. If your essay gets a “plagiarism alert”, it will not be tolerated and will require further disciplinary action in accordance with ELAC policy.

Finals must be uploaded via Canvas by 11:59 p.m. on Wednesday, December 11th. If you have technological difficulties with Canvas, email your exams directly to your TA. You will be graded on your knowledge of course material (both lectures and reading), the strength and clarity of your argument, and your ability to analyze and apply what you have learned. Your response should be 5-8 pages in length, double-spaced, with standard font size and margins (or comparable length for those entering text directly into Canvas). This is the total page limit for all questions combined. You must respond to all of the below questions. Please only use course material (i.e., assigned reading and lectures). If you choose to quote the articles or cases, you need only to include the case name or last name of the article’s author and the page number(s) in parentheses following the quote. For example, (Sundquist, p. 765) or (Lange v. California, p. 4). Briefly explain Bazelon’s two views of criminal law. How do these two different world views impact advocacy for and protection of the rights of the accused? (20 points) We’ve discussed how the promise of equal rights for the accused and justice for all is not always reflected in the execution of laws and outcomes of legal proceedings. Briefly explain how two of the following areas provide examples of a potential failure of the justice system to provide equal protection: the right to counsel, disparity in sentencing (including the death penalty), the right to an impartial jury, sexual harassment, and/or pregnancy discrimination. Be clear about the legal reasoning as well as the impact (or lack thereof) of applicable court decisions. (40 points) Both Sundquist and Faulkner argue for race-conscious approaches in the law. Briefly explain their arguments. While similar, they do address different concerns. How would the adoption of one of these approaches (either Sundquist’s or Faulkner’s) impact stop-and frisk policies or the assessment of allowable police action when a suspect flees? (40 points)

****PLEASE DO NOT USE AI GENERATED SOFTWARE. IT IS CHECKED THOROUGHLY**** Assignment: Please respond substantially to the classmate’s post. I'm interested to hear what everyone thought about the conclusions within the article "Are Political Orientations Genetically Transmitted?". Personally, I felt as though the research was done well, but there are aspects that would have been interesting to see in addition to the existing data they presented. For example, would the same result be found on regular siblings who grow up in similar environments, or would they end up differing in political behaviors and tendencies completely. Also, what kind of effect does comparing twins in both instances have on the data? Does the fact that they grew up together age-wise affect their tendencies or is it a non-factor to both their behaviors and tendencies?