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HISTORY 115—SECTION 5116 SPRING SEMESTER 2025 PROFESSOR OSCAR CAÑEDO GUIDELINES FOR NACLA ASSIGNMENT #1 FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT, YOU ARE TO READ CURRENT NEWS ARTICLES ABOUT LATIN AMERICA FROM THE WEBSITE FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN CONGRESS OF LATIN AMERICA (NACLA) AND SUBMIT THREE SHORT REVIEWS DURING THE SEMESTER. PLEASE SUBMIT ONE REVIEW PER DUE DATE. EACH REVIEW IS TO BE AT LEAST 3-4 PAGES AND EACH DUE DATE CORRESPONDS TO A REGIONAL TOPIC IN LATIN AMERICA. THE DUE DATES FOR THESE REPORTS ARE FEBRUARY 18; MARCH 14 AND 25. HERE ARE THE REGIONAL TOPICS CORRESPONDING TO EACH DUE DATE: FEBRUARY 18 (NEW DUE DATE DUE TO PRESIDENTS' DAY HOLIDAY): MEXICO, BORDER ISSUES AND IMMIGRATION, UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY, AND LATINX COMMUNITIES MARCH 14: THE CARIBBEAN (CUBA, HAITI, PUERTO RICO, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, ETC.), AND CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, COSTA RICA, PANAMA, NICARAGUA, AND BELIZE). MARCH 25: SOUTH AMERICA (BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, CHILE, PERU, URUGUAY, ECUADOR, COLOMBIA, BOLIVIA, PARAGUAY, AND VENEZUELA) PLEASE SUBMIT YOUR REPORTS THROUGH CANVAS IN EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING FORMATS: DOC, DOCX OR PDF (IF YOU ARE USING GOOGLE DOCS OR APPLE PAGES TO COMPOSE YOUR REVIEW, PLEASE BE SURE TO CONVERT YOUR PAPER TO DOCX OR PDF BEFORE SUBMITTING IT). LATE PAPERS WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR EACH SUBMISSION, BUT ONLY FOR ONE WEEK AFTER THE ASSIGNED DUE DATES AND WILL BE ASSESSED A FULL GRADE DEDUCTION. PLEASE INCLUDE A WORKS CITED PAGE, WHILE A TITLE PAGE IS OPTIONAL (NEITHER OF THESE PAGES COUNT TOWARD YOUR 3 PAGES OF TEXT). THESE 3 REPORTS WILL COUNT AS A COMBINED 30% TOWARD YOUR FINAL GRADE. IN YOUR WORKS CITED PAGE, COMPOSE YOUR ARTICLE ENTRY IN A FORMAT LIKE THIS: EMILIO GODOY, "MEXICO BANS GLYSOPHATE BUT TOLERATES OTHER AGROCHEMICALS," NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS WEBSITE (JANUARY 28, 2021). IN TERMS OF THE CONTENT OF EACH REPORT, I AM LOOKING FOR TWO MAIN POINTS OF DISCUSSION. FIRST, YOU SHOULD DEVOTE THE FIRST HALF OF THE REPORT TO A SUMMARY OF THE MAIN POINTS IN THE ARTICLE THAT YOU SELECTED. TO HELP YOU TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE, CONSIDER SOME OF THESE QUESTIONS: WHAT IS THE MAIN ISSUE BEING DISCUSSED? (I.E. IMMIGRATION, ELECTIONS, EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENT, WOMEN'S ISSUES, CRIME, ETC.) WHO ARE THE MAIN PERSONALITIES MENTIONED IN THE ARTICLE? (I.E. MEXICAN PRESIDENT CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM, PRESIDENT TRUMP, VICE-PRESIDENT VANCE, FORMER PRESIDENT BIDEN, ETC.) HOW DOES THE ISSUE AFFECT THE PEOPLE OF THE COUNTRY MENTIONED IN THE ARTICLE? DOES THE ISSUE HAVE ANY CONNECTION WITH UNITED STATES INTERESTS? AND FOR THE SECOND POINT OF DISCUSSION, PLEASE ANALYZE THE ARTICLE THAT YOU SELECTED AND PRESENT YOUR POINT OF VIEW ON THE STORY. FOR EXAMPLE, HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE STORY? HOW DID THIS ARTICLE CONTRIBUTE TO YOUR UNDERSTANDING ABOUT MODERN LATIN AMERICA? AND WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE AUTHOR’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE ARTICLE? HOW DOES THIS TOPIC RELATE TO ANY CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL, ECONOMIC OR CULTURAL THEMES IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY? HERE IS A LIST OF ARTICLES FROM THE NACLA WEBSITE PERTAINING TO REGIONS FOR YOUR FIRST DUE DATE. THE DATES LISTED IN PARENTHESIS CORRESPOND TO THE PUBLICATION DATE OF THE ARTICLE. EVERYBODY, JUST PICK ANY ONE ARTICLE FROM THIS LIST FOR YOUR FEBRUARY 14 REVIEW. YOU WILL REPEAT THE SAME PROCESS FOR YOUR REVIEWS ON CENTRAL AMERICA/THE CARIBBEAN, AND A SOUTH AMERICAN NATION. THESE ARTICLES RANGE IN DATE FROM JANUARY 2022 TO JANUARY 2025. United States Foreign Policy, Border Issues and Latinx Communities: A STRATEGIC CROSS-BORDER LABOR ALLIANCE (FEB. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. A TAPESTRY OF MISSING MIGRANTS STITCHES A MEMORY OF THE DISAPPEARED (JULY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. BOOK TALK ON CUBAN IMMIGRATION GETS HEATED IN MIAMI (JAN. 2023) CARIBEÑOS AT THE TABLE (BOOK REVIEW) (MAY 2022) CARNE Y ARENA (VIRTUALLY PRESENT, PHYSICALLY INVISIBLE) (MAR. 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. CLASS-ACTION LAWSUIT SECURES NEW PROCEDURAL PROTECTIONS FOR CHILDREN IN FEDERAL IMMIGRATION DETENTION (DEC. 2022)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. DISPATCH FROM A HAITIAN JOURNALIST IN SPRINGFIELD (OCT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. FOR HEMISPHERIC UNITY, A CHANGE IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IS NEEDED (APR. 2022) FREE TRADE FIREPOWER: THE GROWING HEMISPHERIC GUN TRADE (NOV. 2023) GANGSTERS OF CAPITALISM (BOOK REVIEW) (MAY 2023) IN GENTRIFIED ALPHABET CITY, A NEW LATINO SOCIAL CLUB AND ART SPACE OPENS ITS DOORS (FEB. 2023) IN THE U.S. SOUTH, LATIN AMERICAN DIASPORA ORGANIZES FOR PALESTINIAN LIBERATION (DEC. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. (LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.) INTEGRATION WITH THE UNITED STATES OR LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE? (APR. 2022)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. INTERNATIONAL LABOR SOLIDARITY IN ACTION (BOOK REVIEW) (FEB. 2022) LATIN AMERICA AND THE NEW NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (APR. 2022) LATIN GRAMMYS DEBUTS IN SPAIN AGAINST A BACKDROP OF LATINOPHOBIA (NOV. 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LATINX PODCASTS ON THE RISE (MARCH 2022) LICENCIAS HOY, PAPELES MAÑANA: DRIVER’S LICENSES AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN INDIANA (APR. 2023) MAKING MEXICAN CHICAGO: FROM POSTWAR SETTLEMENT TO THE AGE OF GENTRIFICATION (BOOK REVIEW) (DEC. 2022) NARRATIVES OF CARCERAL COLLECTIVE RESISTANCE (BOOK REVIEW) (MAR. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. NEW YORK CITY IS EVICTING MIGRANT FAMILIES: “THIS IS A HUMANITARIAN CRISIS” (JAN. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. ORGANIZING AGAINST ANTI-HAITIANISM BEYOND BORDERS (SEPT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. PUERTO RICAN WOMEN PUSH THE BOUNDARIES OF LATINX ART AND CULTURE IN NEW YORK CITY (JULY 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS UNDERLINES WIDESPREAD DISCONTENT WITH U.S. POLICY (JUNE 2022) THE BANALITY OF HENRY KISSINGER (NOV. 2023) THE CASE FOR OPEN BORDERS: A BOOK REVIEW FROM THE BANKS OF THE RIO GRANDE (BOOK REVIEW) (MAY 2024) THE HAITIAN COMMUNITY NEEDS ANOTHER MARCH ON BROOKLYN BRIDGE (NOV. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE MYTH OF AMERICAN IDEALISM: HOW U.S. FOREIGN POLICY ENDANGERS THE WORLD (BOOK REVIEW)(OCT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE STRIKERS OF COACHELLA: A RANK-AND-FILE HISTORY OF THE UFW MOVEMENT (BOOK REVIEW) (SEPT. 2023) TRACING THE ANTI-HAITIANISM BEHIND THE SPRINGFIELD SCAPEGOATING (SEPT. 2024) UNSETTLED BORDERS: THE MILITARIZED SCIENCE OF SURVEILLANCE ON SACRED INDIGENOUS LAND (BOOK REVIEW) (NOV. 2022) (LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.) U.S. IMMIGRATION DETENTION SYSTEM: “A LIVING HELL” (FEB. 2022) VIVA PALESTINA! NYC STUDENT ENCAMPMENTS SPARK NATIONAL REBELLION (MAY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. “WHOSE SIDE ARE YOU ON?” BUILDING PALESTINE SOLIDARITY THROUGH MUSIC (SEPT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. “YOU’RE ONE OF THE DISAPPEARED?” HOW I CAME TO ACCEPT MY PLACE IN HISTORY (JULY 2024) (LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.) (LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.) (Links to an external site.) Mexico: (Links to an external site.) 15 YEARS OF LAND DEFENSE AND COMMUNITY BUILDING IN XAYAKALAN (AUG. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. A NEW LIFE FOR MEXICO'S OLDEST UNION (FEB. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. AN INDEPENDENT UNION WINS LANDSLIDE VICTORY AMONG MEXICAN GM WORKERS (FEB. 2022)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. (LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.) ARTISTS RALLY AGAINST ERASURE OF MEXICO CITY’S ICONIC STREET ART (AUG. 2022) CONTROVERSIAL MAYA TRAIN UP AND RUNNING AS MEXICANS CAST THEIR BALLOTS (MAY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. CROSSING THE STORM: EZLN MARKS 30 YEARS WITH A 120-YEAR PLAN (JAN. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. DELIVERING THE FUTURE: MIDWIVES WIN BREAKTHROUGH IN MEXICO (JULY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. DESPITE INDIGENOUS RESISTANCE, MEXICO AUTHORIZES MINING CONCESSIONS IN PROTECTED AREAS (JAN. 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. DOWNTOWN JUÁREZ (BOOK REVIEW) (MARCH 2022)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. ESTADIO AZTECA AND THE 2026 WORLD CUP IN MEXICO (SEPT. 2023) FACES OF WATER: WOMEN WATER DEFENDERS IN MEXICO AND URUGUAY (AUG. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. HOW MEXICAN FEMINISTS BECAME ENEMIES OF THE STATE (APR. 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. HOW TO DESTROY AN INVESTIGATION FROM THE INSIDE: AYOTZINAPA AND THE LEGACIES OF IMPUNITY (NOV. 2022) IN TAPACHULA, THOUSANDS OF HAITIAN MIGRANTS WAIT TO BE RESETTLED (JAN. 2022)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. IS THE MEXICAN PRESIDENT PROTECTING THE ARMY? (SEPT. 2022)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. ISRAEL, CYBERSURVEILLANCE, AND THE CASE OF THE AYOTZINAPA 43 (SEPT. 2022) LA ENCRUCIJADA’S DILEMMA: GREENWASHING OIL PALM IN CHIAPAS (APR. 2022) LOVE AND DESPAIR: HOW CATHOLIC ACTIVISM SHAPED POLITICS AND THE COUNTERCULTURE IN MODERN MEXICO (BOOK REVIEW)(SEPT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. LOVE, COMMUNITY, AND ALIENATION IN NUDO MIXTECO (FILM REVIEW)TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. MEXICAN ACTIVIST PROTESTS FEMICIDE AT OAXACAN FESTIVAL (AUG. 2022) MEXICO HEADS TO POLLS AMID RECORD VIOLENCE (MAY 2024) (LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.) MEXICO’S MILITARY KNEW AYOTZINAPA 43 WERE KIDNAPPED, THEN COVERED IT UP (APR. 2022) LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. MILITARIZED SECURITY AND A CARTEL APOLOGY IN MATAMOROS (MAR. 2023) MURDER OF LIBERATION THEOLOGY PRIEST SENDS CHILL THROUGH CHIAPAS (OCT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. NEARSHORING AND THE MILITARIZATION OF THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER (JAN. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. NO ELECTORAL SOLUTION IN SIGHT FOR MEXICO’S WATER JUSTICE CRISIS (MAY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. PARAMILITARY RESURGENCE DRIVES MASS DISPLACEMENT IN CHIAPAS (AUG. 2024) “PINCHE ESTADO, COUNT THEM WELL”: IN MEXICO, THE STRUGGLE FOR TRUTH AND MEMORY CONTINUES (OCT. 2024) PROPOSED REGULATIONS THREATEN THE FUTURE OF MIDWIFERY IN MEXICO (OCT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. REAPPEARING THE MEMORY OF MEXICO’S TWICE DISAPPEARED (JUNE 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. TEN YEARS OF IMPUNITY: AMLO AND THE BETRAYAL OF AYOTZINAPA (SEPT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE CAUSES BEHIND THE CIUDAD JUÁREZ MIGRANT DETENTION CENTER FIRE (APR. 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE DRIVE BEHIND TESLA’S NEW MANUFACTURING PLANT IN MEXICO (APR. 2023) THE FORCE OF WITNESS: CONTRA FEMINICIDE (BOOK REVIEW)(OCT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE INE DEBATE AND THE FORMATION OF THE NEOLIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN MEXICO (APR. 2023) THE MEXICAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF AMLO (JUNE 2022) THE MEXICO OF CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM (JUNE 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE NEW PUBLIC ART: COLLECTIVITY AND ACTIVISM IN MEXICO SINCE THE 1980’S (BOOK REVIEW) (APR. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE REBIRTH OF OMAR GARCÍA HARFUCH (JULY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. THE SHADOWY MINING SECTOR MAKING ACCIDENTS IN COAHUILA ALL TOO COMMON (SEPT. 2022) TRAMPLED BY TRANSFORMATION: MEXICO’S TREN MAYA (JULY 2023)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. VERACRUZ DECRIMINALIZED ABORTION, BUT ACTIVISTS REMAIN CRUCIAL IN ENSURING ACCESS (JUNE 2022) “VIOLENCE IS DEEPLY INTERTWINED WITH THE STATE” (SEPT. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. YAHRITZA Y SU ESENCIA AND THE MEXICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE IN MEXICO (JAN. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. WAR IN WORDS: AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE “NARCO” IN MEXICO (BOOK REVIEW) (AUG. 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. WHAT’S LEFT OF MORENA? (JULY 2024)LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE. ZAPATISTAS AT 30: BUILDING AND INSPIRING AUTONOMY (DEC. 2023)

Presentations are an important complement to historical writing. They provide other opportunities for you to share your ideas, whether in a formal presentation or in class discussion. The point of your video presentation is to share your research paper’s thesis and your arguments in support of it. Instructions For your video presentation, you will present your final paper and your visual aid. The visual aid can be a medium of your choosing.

Please choose a primary document with from the ones that are on your syllabus, or a document of your choice that directly relates to the subject matter. The paper should be around 2-2.5 pages long, 12' , font with 1' margins and Chicago style citations (if you are using additional resources.) Guidlines: Identify the primary source you are using, and explain what type of source it is: example: a petition to the Sultan, A letter to from a merchant or a factor, an excerpt from a memoir… etc, and place it in historical context. It can also be a picture, painting, map, or any other relevant object. If possible Identify the writer. Give a short summary of what the document is about, or what the purpose of the document is. Do a close reading of the document, taking into consideration bias, tone, voice , audience, author, and veracity of the document, followed by your analysis of the text. Conclude your paper. You can use outside sources to back up any claims you make. The outside sources can be taken from the syllabus, or can be any peer reviewed article that is relevant. The paper does not necessarily have to be in the above order, but needs to include all points. Be sure to refer to the text in your analysis, and back up any claims you make. The paper needs to be 2-3 pages long, and double spaced, 12 font, and with 1” margins.

ASSIGNMENT: For this assignment, you will research and write about an issue that is important to you, to your community, or to Americans in general. To do this, you will investigate the ways that government in the United States has or has not addressed your selected issue. As part of your research, you will choose at least five articles from newspapers, magazines, or other online sources that highlight the U.S. government's response to the issue. You will then identify and analyze this response and provide a personal reflection on the impact. In doing so, you will deepen your engagement with course content by applying what you’ve learned in Units 1 and 2 about the U.S. federal system and the division of powers among and between the different layers of government. To complete the assignment, download the Government in My Community template, and follow the directions below. You will return the completed template as your Touchstone submission.

Hide Assignment Information Instructions The Historiographical Essay is worth 150 points (15% of total course grade). Due: Week 7 Objective: Create an overview of what other historians have written about your research topic. This week you should begin working on your Historiographical Essay, which you will submit as a Word attachment by the end of Week 7. Historiographical Essay: For this assignment, write a historiographical essay based on a survey of eight or more of the secondary sources you found in the Library Project (Searching Exercise). There are examples linked below. Think of historiography as akin to geography. As geography is a survey of the landscape, so historiography is a survey of what historians have said on your topic. This paper is a survey of the secondary source materials related to the topic of your own major research paper. Every field observes the practice of a survey of secondary sources. In some fields, this is called the literature review. In our field, this practice is called Historiography. See the Historiography reading in the Week 6 Readings. The goal of a historiographical essay is to show what others have argued about your topic. You must develop a new approach for your own research paper, so a survey of what others have written about your topic is crucial to establishing what is new about your research. This assignment should be about 1,500 to 2,000 words long (six to eight pages). This paper will offer your readers an overview of what other historians have written about your topic. What were their theses (not your thesis)? What were their main arguments? What sources did they examine and how did that influence their arguments? Your Historiographical Essay should be about 6 to 8 pages long. You may expand your Historiographical Essay to as long as eight pages, but no longer than eight full double spaced pages. I want you to be able to plug your Historiographical Essay into your final paper in History 495 as your historiography section. Cite all of the secondary sources that you summarize with endnotes (not footnotes) using Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography Form. A Note on Citation: After you have cited a source in full, complete form once in endnotes, all subsequent citations may use the Short Form. See the CMOS Quick Guide and scroll down to Shortened Notes. You may have heard of or seen Ibid for referencing the same source in two endnotes in a row. The 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style discourages the use of Ibid., and instead encourages Short Form notes for greater clarity, particularly when notes extend over several pages. By doing a Historiographical Essay, you learn what other historians' have argued about your topic, which will help you avoid simply repeating what has already been said. You will then better understand how your thesis adds to our examination of your topic. Are you taking a new approach, using new sources, and/or a new focus? After doing your Historiographical Essay, you should have gained a basic understanding of how your paper is adding something unique because you have seen what other historians have argued about your topic (and related topics). Here is what should not be in your Historiographical Essay.: Do not put forward your argument about the subject at all. Historiography is about what other scholars have written about your topic. This paper is to show the reader what other scholars have argued about your topic. It is not your argument. Do not include your assessment of other scholars' arguments. You should only tell what they have argued, not critique their arguments or challenge their assumptions. You will be doing that later in your HIST 495 paper. Do not include primary sources. This is not a mini-version of your capstone paper. Nowhere in your Historiographical Essay should you indicate what your arguments are. Do not put your own thesis of your paper. You will write your own paper with your argument and primary sources research in History 495. Instead the goal of this assignment is to learn what other historians have written about your topic. This will give you a solid idea of what has already been written about your topic. This allows you to see where your ideas will fit in to what has already been written about your topic. If you have any questions about what should or shouldn't be in your Historiographical Essay ask me. In organizing your Historiographical Essay, introduce your topic and the general arguments that you found about your topic by other historians in the first paragraph (the thesis paragraph). Again, do not describe your views about the topic. Then try to organize your paper around the different interpretations you have found. The first paragraph should be a thesis paragraph in which you give an overview of what other historians have argued about your topic. Then summarize each secondary source. You can do that by devoting one paragraph to a summary of each secondary source. In your summary of each secondary source include the author's name, the title of their work, their thesis, their main supporting points, and the sources they used. Finish with a conclusion paragraph that sums up the major arguments you have just summarized in your supporting points. (There is no need for a bibliography for this assignment.) When you write your final paper in History 495, you will take your Historiographical Essay and use it as your historiography section. You can correct any errors that I noted when I grade your Historiographical Essay and simply insert it into your final History 495 paper. The reader can then see what others have argued about your topic from your historiography section. They can then see what existing interpretations you are arguing against or how your ideas are new compared to what has already been written about your topic. Having a historiography section allows the reader to compare your approach/argument with others who have looked at the same or similar topics so that they can understand what is new about your project. Please use the grading rubric below these instructions to guide you. Submit your Historiographical Essay as a Word file (.doc or .docx) via this assignment.

African Participation If you were an African ruler during this time, what factors would influence your decision to participate (or resist) the transatlantic slave trade? Race, Labor, & Power Reflect on the long-term effects of forced labor and colonization. In what ways do you think the histories of Indigenous and African enslavement continue to shape the world today? How do these histories impact the way we talk about race, labor, and power? Triangular Trade Legacy Given what you now know about the triangular trade, how would you explain its legacy in today’s world?

Description Based on your readings and the media program, post your response to the following: What do you now know about ethical practices with couples and families that you did not previously know? What surprised you? What intimidates you? What do you think will be challenging when working with couples and families? How will you incorporate ethics into your professional development? Do you think you would have handled some of the situations presented in the video differently? If so, what would you have done differently? Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources and identify current relevant literature to support your work. Read Zazzario, A.S., Shelton, D. & Haley, M. (2021). Legal, ethical, and professional issues. In D. Capuzzi & M. D. Stauffer (Eds.). Foundations of couples, marriage, and family counseling(2nd ed., pp. 84-99). Wiley & Sons. Bass, B. A., & Quimby, J. L. (2006). Addressing secrets in couples counseling: An alternative approach to informed consentLinks to an external site.. The Family Journal, 14(1), 77–80. doi:10.1177/1066480705282060 Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2018). Assessing your instructor feedbackLinks to an external site.[Interactive]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2018). Ethical challenges in professional practiceLinks to an external site.[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Psychotherapy.net. (Producer). (n.d.). Family secrets: Implications for theory and therapy

Description Main Post: Write a minimum of 200 words discussion about the topics below. (due date: Monday by 11:59 pm) (Part A of the assignment) (Worth 7.5 points) Peer Response: Read and respond to at least two other classmates (Minimum 75 words). (due date: Monday by 11:59 pm) (Part B of the assignment) (Worth 7.5 points) Note: The peer response must contain relevant content as well. Avoid repeating (even in different words) what you wrote about in your main discussion as part of the response to the classmate. Whether you agree or disagree with your peer's discussion, add new content to your peer's post. While you may add comments such as "I agree with you" or "Interesting findings,” that is not enough to receive a grade for the peer response. Your reaction to a peer's discussion must contain relevant content taken from the material learned in class or external sources. Case Study: Personal identity Consider the famous psychological case of Phineas Gage. Gage was a 25 year old railroad worker who reportedly had a gentle, discipline, and kind personality. One day while working to destroy some rock impeding the way, the gunpowder that was used exploded and sent a meter-long bar (3.2 cm in diameter) through his skull, damaging several parts of his face and brain. A couple of months later he recovered, but he developed a different personality. He became rude, disobedient, and extremely irritable. He was fired from his job and decided to move to a different country. Eventually after four years with his chaotic personality, he started to slowly revert back to his old personality, but let's say for the purposes of this thought-experiment that he never returned back to his old personality and he completely lost his memory. Answer the following questions with this information: 1) What do you consider as the core aspect of what consitutes the self? Do you think the self is most defined by a consistent memory, desires, or passions? Do you think you have one, many, or no unifed self? Do you think the self is intact and seperate from the body like a "soul" or do you think the self is merely the product of brain chemical and neurons? 2) Do you think that this version of Gage completely lost his self with his noticable personality traits, goals, memory, and relationship changes? Or do you think his core self was retained thoughout the entire sequence of events. Use aspects of question one as support for your answer. For instance, if you think the self is defined by key relationships with other crucial individuals, then Gage clearly became a different person; but if you think the core self is similar to a soul-like entity, then perhaps Gage did not become a different person. 3) Now imagine that Gage before the incident owed 200,000 dollars to a couple of old friends, and they want their money back several years after the incident. The new version of Gage argues that his old self has died, and thus he does not owe anything anymore because he is not the same person. Do you think that Gage's arugment has any weight at all considering the tragic accident that completely changed who he is? Support your answer with a couple of reasons.

Description follow the instruction Intro: “We Will Not Be Missed!” (no required reading) Jan 10 Anastasia Berg & Rachel Wiseman, What Are Children For? Chapter Four, “To Be Or…?” (pp. 169-190) Week 2 Jan 15 David Benatar, “Why It Is Better Never to Come into Existence” Jan 17 Seana Shiffrin, “Wrongful Life, Procreative Responsibility, and the Significance of Harm” Week 3 Jan 22 Philippa Foot, “The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect”; G. E. M. Anscombe “Who is Wronged? Philipps Foot on Double Effect: One Point”” Jan 24 Judith Jarvis Thomson, “A Defense of Abortion” Week 4 Jan 25 Don Marquis, “Why Abortion is Immoral" Jan 31 Alberto Giubilini, Francesca Minerva “After-Birth Abortion: Why Should the Baby Live?” Week 5 Feb 5 Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, Judith Jarvis Thomson, and T.M. Scanlon, “Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers’ Brief” Feb 7 David Velleman “A Right to Self Termination” those are readings

Description Review the readings from Part 1 “Epistemology”(new tab) from Dew and Gould’s Philosophy: A Christian Introduction, which includes Chapters 2-6. Chapter 4 “Ancient Philosophy” from Payne’s An Introduction to Philosophy(PDF document). The section on Socrates, p. 66-68, from Melchert’s The Great Conversation In 400-500 words add to the journal you began in Assignment 1.4 and continued in 2.4. Select the philosopher(s) that you think offer(s) the best answer to the question of knowledge. Explain your reasoning for your selection.