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This assignment is to be written after you complete Unit 3, and is worth 20% of the final grade. It is to be written in paragraph form, not in point form. The assignment can be in either MLA or APA format, but the important thing is to choose a format and apply it consistently throughout. This assignment is composed of discussion questions taken with slight variations in wording from Units 1-3 in the Study Guide, as is Part I of the final examination. Therefore, the best way to prepare for it (and for the final examination) is to write down your answers to each of the discussion questions as you come to them in the units. If you have specific questions or particular concerns you may consult with your tutor. Please answer three of the following questions in approximately 500 words each. Structure each answer as a mini essay, following the guidelines in the section of the Course Information titled “Writing Essays.” 1. What do you think “health” means, and why? In answering this question, be sure to consider the various definitions of health offered in Unit 1. 2. What are some of the determinants of health? Which ones do you think are most important, and why? 3. Summarize, in your own words, the most important features of each of the moral theories studied in Unit 2 (utilitarian, Kantian, Aristotelian, feminist). 4. What do you think are the greatest advantages of the modified-egalitarian model as compared to the libertarian model of resource allocation? Do they outweigh its disadvantages? Why or why not? 5. With respect to micro-allocation, would you consider yourself a utilitarian, a bare Kantian, a fair Kantian, or something else? Justify your answer. An essay written for a university course serves two main purposes. The first and most obvious is pedagogical: researching a topic and writing about it is an excellent way of learning. The second function served is evaluation: an essay enables the instructor to assess the student’s ability to explain the subject in a lucid and cogent fashion, to integrate the different types of material covered, to analyze events or themes, and to place them in a comprehensible order?in short, to evaluate the writer’s mastery of the subject matter. During their university studies, students will write many essays. It therefore makes sense to learn at the outset how to organize, write, and document a university paper. Although developing good essay writing skills is important, it need not be an arduous task. The following are a few basic principles and rules to keep in mind. An essay should have an evident structure. Open your essay with an introduction that states the problem you wish to explore, or the question you plan to answer. Examine the most important facets of the topic, and discuss the issues that have been (or ought to be) the subject of scholarly debate. Then develop your own argument, and present your evidence in the body of the essay. When your argument is complete and well presented, end your work with a conclusion that summarizes the problem or question and states your judgement or answer. An essay should convey the key elements of an argument, and the evidence supporting the intellectual position argued. In this sense, an essay is like a legal case: it contains a point of view (perhaps more than one) expressed logically; it presents appropriate evidence to support the views expressed; and it leads to a conclusion that should appear natural and persuasive in light of the evidence presented. An essay must therefore contain a thesis, supported by evidence that has been appropriately documented by footnotes or endnotes. It must also contain a non-partisan discussion and analysis of the material. Hence, in this crucial respect, an essay is not like a legal case: it must be balanced and judicious, taking opposing arguments into account, and recognizing where the available information is insufficient or inconclusive. An essay must be based on adequate and appropriate reading and reflection, and must always acknowledge intellectual indebtedness through proper citations. A superior essay should also show evidence of individual thought: originality will be valued highly by the marker, provided, of course, that the case is properly argued and not merely eccentric. Your grade will reflect how well you have met these standards. In attempting to achieve these goals, you will develop and practise several intellectual skills that will prove invaluable to you throughout your university career. They are the ability to synthesize information from a variety of sources. the ability to analyze the significance of primary source material. the ability to make appropriate use of secondary source material (for example, summarizing the research that has been done on a topic, placing it in context, and noting similarities to and differences from other writers’ presentations). the habit of documenting, carefully and honestly, the sources of your information and ideas. the ability to develop a cogent, balanced, and well-supported argument. These skills are necessary for essay writing, and they are developed by essay writing. One of the benefits of refining these skills is that they will serve you, not only in the classroom, but also in every other area of your life. The Mechanics of Essay Construction There is no single model that you must follow to write a good essay. Thoughtful, creative, and well-argued essays may be organized in various ways. However, we have endeavoured to provide some detailed guidelines that, if followed carefully and sensibly, should go a long way toward ensuring that an essay is satisfactory in its form and structure. If you need help with the mechanics of constructing essays, the following suggestions will help you to organize and write your assignments. The guidelines are presented in five sections, titled “Introduction,” “Organization,” “Editing,” “Bibliography” and “Reference Books.”

To complete this assignment, you will write a 300-500 word comparison of the two song performances embedded below. In this first comparison you will focus on the lyrics, tone color (voice and instruments), and rhythm of the two songs. Try to connect your discussion of the lyrics with your discussion of other musical elements. Use vocabulary from the text and in-class discussions when possible; Be as detailed and specific as possible and point to specific moments of the songs (use time markings) as evidence for your descriptions; Organize your comparison with an introductory comment, separate paragraphs for new concepts or ideas, and a brief conclusion. Proofread to eliminate errors and aim for direct and concise wording (eliminate padding and weasel-words, such as "in my opinion"). The first song, "In Darkness Let Me Dwell," was written by one of the best known British songwriters, John Dowland, in 1610. The performance is by British counter-tenor (male soprano) Alexander Chance, accompanied by lutanist Toby Carr. The second song, "Lay My Burden Down," was written in 2013 and performed in this video by American singer Aoife O'Donovan (with band). The lyrics to the songs can be found here Links to an external site. and here Links to an external site.. Here are the song video links: Rubric Song Comparison Rubric Song Comparison Rubric Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Appropriate Vocabulary Correctly uses words appropriate to describing the musical characteristic and uses them in a context that helps identify salient musical features of the examples. 10 pts Full Marks 0 pts No Marks 10 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Descriptive Detail Identifies and describes in appropriate detail the relevant musical features of the examples, providing a vivid comparison. 10 pts Full Marks 0 pts No Marks 10 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Writing Mechanics Writes in a clear, well-organized, and direct style with no grammatical errors or typos. 5 pts Full Marks 0 pts No Marks 5 pts Total Points: 25

1. “August 1619” by Clint Smith Over the course of 350 years, 36,000 slave ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean. I walk over to the globe & move my finger back & forth between the fragile continents. I try to keep count how many times I drag my hand across the bristled hemispheres, but grow weary of chasing a history that swallowed me. For every hundred people who were captured & enslaved, forty died before they ever reached the New World. I pull my index finger from Angola to Brazil & feel the bodies jumping from the ship. I drag my thumb from Ghana to Jamaica & feel the weight of dysentery make an anvil of my touch. I slide my ring finger from Senegal to South Carolina & feel the ocean separate a million families. The soft hum of history spins on its tilted axis. A cavalcade of ghost ships wash their hands of all they carried. Clint Smith is a doctoral candidate at Harvard University and the author of the poetry collection “Counting Descent,” as well as a forthcoming nonfiction book, “How the Word Is Passed.” Photo illustration by Jon Key. Diagram: Getty Images. Discussion Question - How does Smith’s poem humanize the individuals who were on that first ship? What thoughts does the poem evoke for you? 2. 1619 Project Reading Read: “Four hundred years after enslaved Africans were first brought to Virginia, most Americans still don’t know the full story of slavery.”Links to an external site. (From The 1619 Project) Discussion: How has the narrative of slavery been shaped in American history? What has been left out? Critically reflect over your own educational journey, how has it shaped your understanding of slavery? 3. Lost Slave Ships How do the discoveries of these sunken slave ships reshape our understanding of the Middle Passage? Using specific details from the podcast, discuss how these findings contribute to historical memory and justice. What impact do they have on descendants, communities, and the broader historical narrative? 4. Slave Resistance In Crossing the Lake of Fire, the author challenges the notion that enslaved Africans were passive victims of the Middle Passage. Drawing from the reading, what specific forms of resistance do they describe? Why do you think these acts of defiance are often excluded from mainstream narratives about slavery? 5. Slave Ships What stands out to you about the design of the ship 6. Slave vs Enslaved Which term do you find more appropriate—slave or enslaved person? Why? What are the implications of choosing one term over the other? How do you think language shapes our understanding of history (feel free to share an example)? 7. Zong Massacre How does the Zong massacre illustrate the legal and economic structures that upheld slavery? What does it reveal about the ways enslaved people were dehumanized?

Part 1: Directions for Initial Post. Read the attached articles: Student Loans_Forbes and WSJ articles.docxDownload Student Loans_Forbes and WSJ articles.docx Answer the following questions: Write a paragraph of how student loans work. Do you support the idea of borrowing money to go to the college? Write a paragraph. As with the previous discussion, you may also find it helpful to use more than one article to fully cover your exploration and discovery. Part 2: Directions for Comments to Classmates. Respond another classmate’s post. Please review the guidance on responses in the previous discussion. Grading This assignment is worth 25 points toward your course grade. 15 points are designated for the initial post where the student addresses the specifics of part one and included citations where needed. Additionally, 10 points are designated for a substantive response to at least one peer.

1990s Cable Branding: MTV Some of the discussion posts will not have a specific direct prompt. For these discussions, we still want you to discuss the readings, the lectures, and the screenings, but you have a bit more freedom as to how. You will always need to reference the concepts from the readings and lectures in some way, and you will always need to write about how these ideas relate to the television episodes you are asked to watch. So when you come across a discussion assignment with an open-ended prompt, I suggest (a) finding a concept or two from the reading that interested you in some way (either because it was a new idea that you liked or an idea that you initially found hard to understand), and then (b) talk about how you personally see this idea relating to the assignment television episodes. That is, don't just regurgitate the argument from the reading. Instead, give your own unique take on the screenings and give your thoughts as to how the reading relates to this unique take. Just as you might share your thoughts during an in-class discussion. READING DOWN BELOW IN PDF SCREENINGS 90s Cable Brands Real World: New York, E7 (Screening) AND eposide 11

This week you read about several experimental and historical examples of when people were observed acting against their own will or conscience, given the right set of circumstances. There are also plenty of historical examples of those in power who took advantage of individuals’ obedience and conformity to social pressures or the pressures of authority. Select 1 of the social experiments that you read about this week (Zimbardo, Asch, Milgram) and identify a current event or situation that similarly illustrates obedience and conformity. Like the social experiments you studied, the event you choose should also raise questions of ethics. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper that includes the following: Compare and contrast the experiment you selected with the contemporary situation. Identify the social roles of participants and what behaviors reflect those roles. Examine the specific behaviors of the participants. Discuss the internal and external consequences of the participants’ behaviors, for example, shunning, passivity, degradation, and insolence. Explain how social roles in the contemporary situation resulted in the outcome. Describe a realistic alternative scenario that could have resulted in a different, more ethical outcome for this situation. Relate this alternative scenario to a concept in social psychology. Include?a minimum of 3 sources. Cite any sources to support your assignment. Format your sources according to APA guidelines.

Read Chapter 10 and 11 In this assignment, you will have the opportunity to explain how to find your purpose by completing the "Finding Your Purpose" document. Use topic Resources to support your claims. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Reminder: This is a templated document so the LopesWrite score will be higher due to the directions and questions.

Contemporary Brands & Genres: HBO Some of the discussion posts will not have a specific direct prompt. For these discussions, we still want you to discuss the readings, the lectures, and the screenings, but you have a bit more freedom as to how. You will always need to reference the concepts from the readings and lectures in some way, and you will always need to write about how these ideas relate to the television episodes you are asked to watch. So when you come across a discussion assignment with an open-ended prompt, I suggest (a) finding a concept or two from the reading that interested you in some way (either because it was a new idea that you liked or an idea that you initially found hard to understand), and then (b) talk about how you personally see this idea relating to the assignment television episodes. That is, don't just regurgitate the argument from the reading. Instead, give your own unique take on the screenings and give your thoughts as to how the reading relates to this unique take. Just as you might share your thoughts during an in-class discussion. Readings in pdf down below screenings HBO The Wire - Pilot: "The Target" (Screening)

Media Convergence and New Technologies Some of the discussion posts will not have a specific direct prompt. For these discussions, we still want you to discuss the readings, the lectures, and the screenings, but you have a bit more freedom as to how. You will always need to reference the concepts from the readings and lectures in some way, and you will always need to write about how these ideas relate to the television episodes you are asked to watch. So when you come across a discussion assignment with an open-ended prompt, I suggest (a) finding a concept or two from the reading that interested you in some way (either because it was a new idea that you liked or an idea that you initially found hard to understand), and then (b) talk about how you personally see this idea relating to the assignment television episodes. That is, don't just regurgitate the argument from the reading. Instead, give your own unique take on the screenings and give your thoughts as to how the reading relates to this unique take. Just as you might share your thoughts during an in-class discussion. reading down below in pdf screenings Orange is the New Black Season - S1, E3 - Lesbian Request Denied (Screening)

Description of Assignment Write 500 words (2 pages) about the book Mother (excerpts attached below). Purpose of the paper: To demonstrate close reading/analysis of a poem to support a thesis Essay Question: Mother is a collection of poems that also offer a critique of the America and the American dream. Some of this critique comes from the narrator's perspective as a Native American of the Cheyenne tribe. In the historical arc of the poems we read, we see characters struggling with the concept of America. What do you think the writer’s perspective/attitude is towards America based on the reading? Select at least 2-3 quotations/poems and close read them to support your thesis. Use MLA format for the quotations and academic format. Also include a Works Cited with the a citation for the book. Sample thesis templates: In Mother, m.s. Redcherries’ perspective on America can be seen as __________ because __________. In Mother, m.s. Redcherries’ perspective on America can be seen as mournful because of the tragedies experienced by her mother. Thesis: observation + how/why it' To submit your paper, save it as a PDF and upload it to BB. Don't drop a google link because I can't comment on it in Bb. Thank you! Essay Format: Introduction with a thesis 4-5 body paragraphs with topic sentences (approx 500 words) at least TWO quotations from book close reading of the the quotation supports the thesis conclusion with a thesis 12 pt, times roman font, 1- 1.5 in margin Use the checklist ABOVE to help you write the paper Grading expectations: A (90-95) meets page length contains a thesis statement in the last line of the introduction obvious organization 2-3 quotations from the reading close reading of the quotations free of extreme spelling and grammar errors original voice and style -- a reader can tell that a person wrote it. meets page length of 500 words B (89-80) contains a thesis statement in the last line of the introduction 2 quotations from the reading some close reading but may be inconsistent. free of extreme spelling and grammar errors original voice and style -- a reader can tell that a person wrote it. meets page length of 500 words C (79-70) contains a thesis statement in the last line of the introduction 1 or fewer quotations from the reading some discussion of the quotations with minimal close raeding some spelling and grammar errors maybe difficult to see organization maybe short of page length by a 50 words D (65-69) does not meet page length no clear organization hard to understand no original voice and potentially written by a chatbot Note on AI If a section of an essay is written by a chatbot or AI, the paper will receive a zero. Dr. Ratunil will then contact the student for personal discussion about writing and research. Dr. Ratunil and the student will then decide together the best course of action. If the student does not reply Dr. Ratunil's request for a discussion, then the student may be referred to Student Conduct. Harper's Academic Dishonesty Policy is here: Academic Dishonesty: The College reserves the right to set and communicate reasonable standards of behavior. Students are expected to uphold college standards related to academic honesty. The following behaviors, as outlined in the Student Code of Conduct, are considered academic dishonesty and are prohibited. Examples are provided to illustrate the specific prohibition and are not intended to be all-inclusive. Cheating (accessing or using unauthorized materials or information) Plagiarism (reproducing someone else’s words or ideas without accurate acknowledgment) Falsifying information (providing untrue information) Unauthorized collaboration (getting assistance or sharing work without permission) Facilitating academic dishonesty (participating in an act that creates an unearned advantage for someone)