Expert Answers

Description Design Challenge: Augmented Reality (AR) City Exploration App Interface Objective: As experienced UX/UI designers, your challenge is to conceptualize an immersive Augmented Reality (AR) city exploration app interface that redefines how users discover and interact with urban environments. Your goal is to create a seamless and captivating experience that blends digital information with real-world surroundings. Exercise Details : ( use apa citation)  1. User Research: Analyze the demographics of potential users, including age groups, tech proficiency, travel habits, and interests in urbanexploration. Investigate user expectations regarding AR technology, such as AR gaming experiences, educational content, historical tours, and interactive storytelling. Conduct ethnographic research and user interviews to understand user behaviors, preferences, pain points, and motivations related to city exploration.     2. Requirement Analysis: Identify and prioritize features based on user needs and technological capabilities. Consider features like real-time AR navigation with 3D map overlays, points of interest (POI) information with historical and cultural context, interactive AR games and challenges,user-generated content sharing, and integration with social media platforms.

Description Objective: As experienced UX/UI designers, your challenge is to conceptualize an immersive Augmented Reality (AR) city exploration app interface that redefines how users discover and interact with urban environments. Your goal is to create a seamless and captivating experience that blends digital information with real-world surroundings. Exercise Details  1. User Research: Analyze the demographics of potential users, including age groups, tech proficiency, travel habits, and interests in urbanexploration. Investigate user expectations regarding AR technology, such as AR gaming experiences, educational content, historical tours, and interactive storytelling. Conduct ethnographic research and user interviews to understand user behaviors, preferences, pain points, and motivations related to city exploration.

Description Prompt: In response to your peers, select one of the situations described by a peer and think about a way that you could increase the overall security measures of the situation. Use a systems thinking approach, and think outside of the box! PEER POST # 1 Symmetric encryption requires less computational complexity, it uses one key to encrypt and decrypt and the key is shorter in length as compared to asymmetric encryption. This  makes  symmetric encryption the most efficient and reliable option for large transfers of data such as emails, files, securing communication through closed systems and VPN’s. It’s also widely compatible with most hardware and software. Asymmetric encryption utilizes two keys, one public to encrypt and the other private to decrypt. This can slow down efficiency due to the use of more than one key but is considered more secure for that very reason. Asymmetric encryption is best suited for applications such as block chain transactions, banking, digital signatures and authentication. However, it is more practical to use both, the data or message can be encrypted with symmetric encryption while the session key or signature can be encrypted with asymmetric.  PEER POST # 2 Symmetric encryption utilizes a single key for process of decryption and encryption. Symmetric encryption is said to be faster for both encryption and decryption as only one key is utilized, this allows for this process to be both fast and efficient. A situation where this is most appropriately used is when sending data over a secure network within a corporation. This allows for larger amounts of data to be transmitted not only faster but also strong security as they within their own network. 

Description Prompt: For your response posts, address the following: 1. Compare and contrast your answers to further everyone's understanding of technology and the lens of history. PEER POST # 1 Technology is increasingly prominent in shaping society in today's rapidly evolving world. However, to truly understand the impact of technology on our lives, it's essential to examine it through the lens of history. Tracing the historical roots of technological advancements and their societal implications can give us valuable insights into the complex relationship between technology and society. A compelling example of how history enriches our understanding of technology's role in society is the current debate surrounding privacy concerns in the era of digital surveillance. One recent news event that echoes historical parallels is the controversy surrounding government surveillance programs, such as the NSA's mass collection of digital communications data. A relevant historical counterpart to this issue can be found in the widespread surveillance practices employed by governments during the Cold War era, exemplified by programs like COINTELPRO in the United States. By examining past surveillance and its impact on society, we can draw parallels to contemporary debates and understand how technological advancements have amplified both the benefits and risks of surveillance. News Link: https://www.eff.org/nsa-spying Looking through the history lens helps us connect and analyze current and historical events by providing context and perspective. By understanding the historical evolution of technology and its societal implications, we can identify recurring patterns, anticipate potential consequences, and make more informed decisions about the role of technology in our lives. Analyzing the relationship between history, culture, and technology has profound implications for various disciplines, professions, and personal experiences. In academia, studying this relationship fosters interdisciplinary approaches that bridge the gap between technology and the humanities, enabling scholars to explore the cultural, ethical, and social dimensions of technological innovation. In professional settings, such as technology development or policy-making, an understanding of history and culture helps practitioners anticipate the societal impact of their work, mitigate potential risks, and design more inclusive and ethical solutions. Moreover, for individuals navigating the digital age, historical insights provide a deeper understanding of the forces shaping their technological landscape, empowering them to evaluate new technologies and advocate for positive societal change critically. PEER POST # 2 Analyzing the role of technology through a historical lens can greatly enhance my understanding of its impact on society. By looking back at how technologies have developed and been adopted in the past, we can gain insights into the patterns and trends that shape our current technological landscape. Understanding the historical context of technological advancements can also help us appreciate the significance of these innovations and the challenges they have overcome. One current event involving technology with a historical counterpart is the rise of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, and its impact on financial systems. The concept of digital currencies has historical roots in early attempts to create digital cash, such as eCash and DigiCash in the 1990s. By examining these past efforts, we can better understand the challenges and opportunities facing cryptocurrencies today, such as regulatory issues, security concerns, and adoption barriers.

Description Prompt: In your responses to your peers, provide feedback on their explanations. Your feedback should be constructive and should address the following: How do their posts help clarify the concepts for you? What in their posts causes confusion for you? What other information could your peers have included in their responses? PEER POST # 1 Most banks will fall into multiple categories of digital business models. Traditionally banks will use the omnichannel model to provide access to its services through multiple means, such as online, in-person, over the phone, and through a mobile app. However they also cover other models such as becoming ecosystem drivers by offering services for major life events. The customer relationship management process for a financial institution is based on building the trust of their clients. Financial institutions must analyze both the speed at which users can receive their data, and they level of security that is perceived by those users. This could be seen through the actions of users or by things like user surveys. I think that financial institutions should pay close attention to analytics, but not be trapped in them. Analytics don't always tell the full story, so financial institutions need to remain flexible in their processes so they can tailor their business model to fit with changing circumstances. PEER POST # 2 Banks and financial companies are taking full advantage of advancing technologies to improve their business models. By switching to an all online model they are able to immediately respond to customer requests and provide better services. With insurance companies all the information you need is included in the app and it is relatively easy to file claims on your phone, at least from my experience. Customer relations are a little different than how they used to be. Companies are able to tailor there products to more diverse audiences, in my banking app you can customize and change what is on the homepage so each person can pick and choose what is important to them instead of just having a basic layout. In my opinion the most important business processes involve adaptability and transparency. In todays society people want to know about the ethics and direction that a company has before making decisions. Personally I will never use Bank of America because they have a history of not taking care of customers and constant data breaches. Since we are able to see companies shortcomings extremely easy they need to prove they can keep up and treat employees correctly. Frequent reviews and innovations will allow companies to stay with the pace of the digital world and will help them provide good value that will keep customers returning.

Description Module 01: Reflection Blog- Cybersecurity Threats (What you need to know to stay Safe Online) Module 01 Table of Contents Purpose It is important to understand the possible cyber threats you may encounter while working online.  By understanding the possible threats you will be prepared to keep yourself and your data safe in an online environment. Directions Write a blog post (2 paragraph minimum for each step) to reflect on your learning experience and how you are planning to apply what you learned. Label each paragraph with the appropriate title with Part 1 or Part 2 of the Blog.   Note: You will not see anyone's post until you post first.    Blog Topic There are two parts to this exercise, be to complete both parts.   Part 1: Watch a video and demonstrate knowledge  #1: Watch the video below about Cybersecurity and Crime: Part 1: #2: Write a blog post to answer ALL the questions below (2 paragraph minimum). What three threats are mentioned in the video? Explain these threats. What steps should you take to stay safe while working online? Blog organizational hints: Label Part 1, #2.  Please include the question in your text.  Part 2: Apply knowledge and reflect (2 paragraph minimum) Have you experienced, or come close to experiencing, a potential threat with viruses or phishing while working online?  Explain how you were able to tell and what steps you took to avoid or solve the problem. If you have not experienced a virus, worm, trojan, or phishing, what safeguards have you taken to avoid this experience? Blog organizational hints: Label Part 2.  Discuss either "Have you" or "If you have not" Please include the question in your text. 

Description The Assignment: To Provide an assessment and finally a reccomendation for the company that you work for (A Valve manufacturer with about 400 employees) for one of the following technologies: Bring Your Own Device Work From Home Cloud Computing as Infrastructure (Storate, Computing, Infrastructure) What you must do: Choose one of the above topics and then reasearch what is considered the state of the art in current technology then you must: Define the advantages and the issues of using this technology in the office in 2024 Perform a Security analysis of the chosen Technology What are the vulnerabilities? What tools do we have to secure this? Define what the risk posture of the company should be if you do impliment this technology. Create an Implimentation Plan How much will it cost to roll this technology out for the company? What is the schedule of this roll out (A Gant chart) What is the roll out plan? 

Description 1. Prove that if SAT ? BPP then there exists a ????? ??? ?? SAT ? BPP?? ?? ???? .2 randomized polynomial time TM with the ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? properties listed in item 1 of this question. .?? ?????? 1 ????? ?????? Guidance: Recall the self-reducibility of SAT from class. ???: ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? SAT ???? 2. Prove that if there exists a randomized ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? .1 polynomial time TM ???? such that given a formula ????: ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????: ? If ???? is satisfiable: with probability at least 2, ???? finds a satisfying , ?? 2 ???: ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??, ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ??????; otherwise and , ????for assignment ? ???? ?? ?????: ???? ? ;“unsatisfiable is “???? declares ? If ???? is unsatisfiable: ???? declares “???? is unsatisfiable” with probability 1; Then SAT ? RP extra creditLet Even-IS be the following language: :???? ?? Even-IS ? D?????, ????? ? ???? = (????, ????) is a simple graph that has independent set of size ????, and for every ???? ? ????, deg ???? is even 1. Prove that Even-IS is NP-hard.

Description Lab Goals Set up a firewall for various operating systems. Lab Purpose Learn to install and/or configure a firewall on both Windows and Linux systems, establish network connectivity between them, and test firewall rules to block specific traffic. Lab Instructions Prerequisites: The instructions assume you have the Windows 10/11 system and the Linux system (Ubuntu) from Lab B. If you don't have them, please refer to Lab B for instructions on setting up the required systems. Note:  Screenshot extensions in the examples described below are .png, but you can also use .jpg or .jpeg. Part 1 - Configure and Test Firewalls Log in to your Windows and Linux systems and perform the following steps: Establish Network Connectivity Ensure that both the Windows and Linux systems are connected to the same network (e.g., host or virtual network). If you are using VirtualBox for one or both systems, set the network adapter of the virtual machine(s) to "Bridged Mode" to allow them to communicate with each other (or with the host operating system).       B. Use the commands you learned in Lab B to get network interface configuration information for both machines. You want to get the IPv4 address of each machine (Windows and Linux) and write them down and label them as Linux and the other one as Windows. You should ping each machine from the other to ensure that they are connected.       C. Type in the following command, on BOTH systems:             echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       D. Capture Screenshots: Take a screenshot of the network configuration on both the Windows and Linux systems, showing the network settings of each (or successful pings from each machine to the other) and ensuring that you are also capturing the echo command output with your first and last name. Save the screenshots with the filenames: Windows: _LabF_Task1_windows.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task1_windows.png") Linux: _LabF_Task1_linux.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task1_linux.png").  2. Turn the Windows Firewall Off and test On the Windows system, open the "Windows Security" application. You can find it in the Start Menu or search for "Windows Security." In the Windows Security window, click on "Firewall & network protection." Scroll down and locate your active network. It should be the Public network. Click on it and turn the firewall off.       B. From the Linux machine open a terminal window. Initiate a telnet connection to the windows machine on port 445:                     telnet 445              II. Confirm successful connection. It should ouput:                    Trying ...                    Connected to                    Escape character is ‘^]’.            III. Hit Ctrl+C to close the connection.       C. Type in the following command:             echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       D. Capture Screenshots: Take a screenshot of the successful connection from the Linux machine to the Windows machine and ensuring that you are also capturing the echo command output with your first and last name. Save the screenshots with the filenames: Windows: _LabF_Task2.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task2_windows.png")  3. Turn the Windows Firewall On and test On the Windows system, open the "Windows Security" application. You can find it in the Start Menu or search for "Windows Security." In the Windows Security window, click on "Firewall & network protection." Scroll down and locate your active network. It should be the Public network. Turn the firewall back to on.       B. From the Linux machine open a terminal window. Initiate a telnet connection to the windows machine on port 445:                    telnet 445              II. Confirm an unsuccessful connection It should ouput:                        Trying ...                        [ But it won’t proceed any further because it's blocked by the fw. ]             III. Hit Ctrl+C to close the connection.       C. Type in the following command:             echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       D. Capture Screenshots: Take a screenshot of the successful connection from the Linux machine to the Windows machine and ensuring that you are also capturing the echo command output with your first and last name. Save the screenshots with the filenames: Windows: _LabF_Task3.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task3_windows.png")  4. Install, Configure, and Test a Firewall on Linux (Ubuntu)       A. Log in to your Linux system and open a terminal window.       B. Install the ssh server/daemon.            sudo apt update && sudo apt install ssh -y           [ You may get a message that ssh is already installed - thats OK ]       C. Install the "ufw" firewall application by running the following command:             sudo apt install ufw -y           [ You may get a message that ufw is already installed - that's OK ]       D. Enable the firewall by running the following command:             sudo ufw enable       E. Allow SSH traffic (port 22) for remote access by running the following command:            sudo ufw allow 22       F. Type in the following command:            echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       G. Capture Screenshot: Take a screenshot of the terminal showing the enable and allow commands for the "ufw" firewall and your echo command with your name as an argument. Save the screenshot with the filename format: _LabF_Task4.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task4.png").  5. Test Firewall Rules - SSH allowed On the Windows system, open the Command Prompt. Initiate a SSH connection to the Linux machine.                    ssh username@                 (username must be your username on the Linux system)              II. Confirm successful connection. It should ouput:                     [ A message about the authenticity of the host ]             III. Enter yes and hit enter to accept the key fingerprint.             IV. Proceed by entering the password for your Linux user account.              V. You should be remotely logged into your Linux system now.             VI. Now close the connection, type: exit and hit enter.       B. Type in the following command:              echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       C. Capture Screenshot: Take a screenshot of the Command Prompt on the Windows system showing the successful ssh command to the Linux machine, your command to exit, and the connection closed message. response from the Linux system. Save the screenshot with the filename format: _LabF_Task5.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task5.png").  6. Block/Deny SSH In a terminal window on the Linux system Block/Deny SSH traffic (port 22) for remote access by running the following command:              sudo ufw deny 22       C. Type in the following command:             echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       D. Capture Screenshot: Take a screenshot of the terminal showing the enable and allow commands for the "ufw" firewall and your echo command with your name as an argument. Save the screenshot with the filename format: _LabF_Task6.extension (e.g., "JohnDoe_LabF_Task6.png").  7. Test Firewall Rules - SSH blocked On the Windows system, open the Command Prompt. Initiate a SSH connection to the Linux machine.                    ssh username@                   (username must be your username on the Linux system)               II. Confirm unsuccessful connection. It should output:                        [ A pause and then a connection timed out message. ]                        [ That’s good, the firewall is working! ]       B. Type in the following command:             echo “Your First Name and Your Last Name”       C. Capture Screenshot: Take a screenshot of the Command Prompt on the Windows system showing the successful ssh command to the Linux machine, your command to exit, and the connection closed message. response from the Linux system.

Description Lab Goals Install a container service/platform and run a container image on the virtual machine instance. Perform a SQL injection attack on a vulnerable database server. Lab Purpose This lab will help to familiarize you with installing a container service (Docker) on a virtual machine, and then running a vulnerable Docker image for the purposes of exploiting a vulnerability (SQL injection). Lab Instructions Prerequisites: Ubuntu Linux virtual machine installed in VirtualBox Read and follow these steps closely, slow down, and don’t rush. If you do rush, you will likely make mistakes and it will cause you to spend more time on the lab than necessary. You will need to take screenshots when prompted. You will need these screenshots for your lab report. Note: Screenshot extensions in the examples described below are .png, but you can also use .jpg or .jpeg. Part 1: Install Docker Login to Ubuntu, bring up a terminal window, and type in the following commands at the prompt, do not copy/paste them. For commands that take up more than one line, type them out in one line, but put a space in between the last word in a line and the first word of the next line. sudo apt update Then this command: sudo apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release -y Then this command: sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings Then this command (when typing in the command, there is no space between the -- and dearmor, everything is on one line): curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg Then this command (when typing in the command, there is no space between the - and by, there is a space between ] and https://, and there is a space between | and sudo, everything is on one line): echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null Then this command: sudo apt update Then this command (when typing in the command, there is no space between the - and plugin, everything is on one line): sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin -y 2. Docker should now be installed. You should verify that the installation was successful by typing in the following: sudo docker run hello-world 3. If you see a bunch of output and can locate a message in that output that says: “Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.” That is your confirmation that you are ready to proceed to the next section. 4. Take a screenshot of the terminal window with your name at the prompt and name it: lab_G_screenshot_1.png. Part 2: Install DVWA Docker Image 5. Type in the following command at the prompt and hit enter/return: sudo docker run --rm -it -p 80:80 vulnerables/web-dvwa 6. You will see a great deal of output that shows that the web-dvwa image has been pulled (downloaded) and some services starting to include MariaDB and Apache. This is the expected result. 7. Leave the terminal window open, but on a sheet of paper write down the private IP address at the bottom of the terminal window and label it as Lab G Linux server. You want to select the one below the black terminal portion of the page. Part 3: Use DVWA Image and Exploit a Vulnerability 8. Open up a web browser and type in the private IP address for the Lab G Linux Server into the address bar, and hit enter. This will open the DVWA login screen. It should look like this: 9. Login with the following credentials: Username: admin Password: password 10. Click on the button located toward the bottom of the screen. 11. Login again with the same credentials provided in the previous step above. 12. On the left side of the page, locate and click on SQL Injection. Discover all users: 13. In the User ID field, enter ' or '1' = '1 and then click on the submit button. 14. You will get results back showing the entire contents of the database table that stores user information. This is an indicator that the input you provided in the last step was executed by the database and resulted in a successful SQL injection attack to list all users in the database table. 15. Select the text in the address bar and replace it with “First Name and Last Name” but don’t hit enter, just click away from the address bar and onto the web page body. 16. Take a screenshot of the web page with your name in the address bar and the output of the SQL Injection attack on the page and name it: lab_G_screenshot_2.png, it should look like this, but with your first and last name. Ensure that it is clearly readable: Discover all database table names: 17. In the User ID field, enter ' and 1=0 union select null, table_name from information_schema.tables # and then click on the submit button. 18. You will get results back showing the names of every table in the database (of importance, the guestbook and users tables). This is another indicator that the input you provided in the last step was executed by the database and resulted in a successful SQL injection attack. 19. Select the text in the address bar and replace it with “First Name and Last Name” but don’t hit enter, just click away from the address bar and onto the web page body. 20. Take a screenshot of the web page with your name in the address bar and the output of the SQL Injection attack on the page and name it: lab_G_screenshot_3.png, it should look like this, but with your first and last name. Ensure that it is clearly readable: Discover ‘users’ table field/column names: 21. In the User ID field, enter ' and 1=0 union select null, concat(table_name,0x0a,column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'users' # and then click on the submit button. 22. You will get results back showing the names of all fields/columns in the users table, including the name of the field that stores user passwords, which is named password. This is another indicator that the input you provided in the last step was executed by the database and resulted in a successful SQL injection attack. 23. Select the text in the address bar and replace it with “First Name and Last Name” but don’t hit enter, just click away from the address bar and onto the web page body. 24. Take a screenshot of the web page with your name in the address bar and the output of the SQL Injection attack on the page and name it: lab_G_screenshot_4.png, it should look like this, but with your first and last name. Ensure that it is clearly readable: Discover usernames and passwords: 25. In the User ID field, enter ' and 1=0 union select null, concat(first_name,0x0a,last_name,0x0a,user,0x0a,password) from users # and then click on the submit button. 26. You will get results back showing the sensitive information stored in this table, including the usernames and passwords (password hashes) for all users. This is another indicator that the input you provided in the last step was executed by the database and resulted in a successful SQL injection attack. 27. Select the text in the address bar and replace it with “First Name and Last Name” but don’t hit enter, just click away from the address bar and onto the web page body. 28. Take a screenshot of the web page with your name in the address bar and the output of the SQL Injection attack on the page and name it: lab_G_screenshot_5.png, it should look like this, but with your first and last name. Ensure that it is clearly readable: 29. Close the DVWA browser window and the terminal window.