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lease watch these tutorial videos for guidance with this homework: Introduction to Basic Excel Transposing, Temperature Anomalies, Moving (Running) MeansLinks to an external site. Trendlines Flipping AxisLinks to an external site. Some hints:  Part 1, #8: a decade is 10 years, so I am asking for the average growth rate over that 10 year period Part 2, #8: should reference part 1, question 8 NOT question 6 Part 2, #9: there should be some math involved here You will need BOTH the Word document and Excel spreadsheet to complete this homework. 

ESS1100  Fall 2020  Week 7 Assignment Population, agriculture, & food Your name: 1. Pick one of the three pillars of environmental sustainability (environmental, economic, social) and suggest 3 ways that food production can be increased to meet the demands of an increasing human population.  2. You are a farmer in Tennessee.  Suggest 2 ways that you and  your farm could engage local people with food projects to meet the food needs of people.  Be specific, don’t just say “increase food production.” 3. From your perspective, is the human population exceeding our current technology and ability to feed the world? Be sure to explain your position as this is not a simple “yes or no” question/answer.  Use the Readings and/or PowerPoints. 

If reducing waste can increase efficiency, why is the output of industrial waste still so great? What is the application of industrial ecology and life-cycle analysis to these problems?

Pick one of the three pillars of environmental sustainability (environmental, economic, social) and suggest 3 ways that food production can be increased to meet the demands of an increasing human population. You are a farmer in Tennessee.  Suggest 2 ways that you and  your farm could engage local people with food projects to meet the food  needs of people.  Be specific, don’t just say “increase food production.” From your perspective, is the human population exceeding our current technology and ability to feed the world?  Be sure to explain your position as this is not a simple “yes or no” question/answer.  Use the Readings and/or PowerPoints. 

How has the Smokey the Bear campaign, which attempted to eliminate wildfires from forested areas altogether, damaged forest health? What is the importance of fire in ecosystem management? What is the cost of fire suppression for ecosystem health? What is the alternative to fire suppression?

What are the arguments for and against genetically modified crops? Discuss the scientific, economic, and political issues.

Read the instruction carefully before the bid, grade must above 90 and I need the first draft in 6 hours. you will work with the En-ROADS simulation model (https://en-roads.climateinteractive.org/scenario.h...d)eveloped by Climate Interactive and MIT Sloan Sustainability Initiative to create a scenario that can mitigate global warming to the internationally agreed target of less than 2°C, and ideally 1.5°C.

The Florida Springs seem to be in the news quite a bit, mainly due to the challenges faced in overcoming pressures from development, pollution, and human activities. The springs have been around for thousands of years and have an interesting and varied history. Humans have valued them for many reasons over many years and are still valued today as an important natural freshwater resource. Research and read articles, books, etc., for this assignment about Florida Springs. You can use any reputable peer-reviewed source; be sure to include proper references using APA standards. Concentrate on the environmental aspects of the springs and bring attention to problem areas, but do not neglect any social, business, and/or political overlap. Consider the freshwater resource aspects as well. Complete a project in one of the following formats, but regardless of the format chosen, remember that the intended audience is the general public: Develop a written brochure: It can be any number of designs (e.g., tri-fold Word file), but must be written and produced as a Public Service Announcement. At a minimum, all the criteria below must be fully addressed in the brochure. Graphics are accepted if properly referenced, but the most important information with respect to grading is the narrative material and the organization of the information. Film a short video commercial: One to two minutes long following an introduction and produced as either a Public Service Announcement or a news media reporting story. At a minimum, all the criteria below must be fully addressed in the video. Use only yourself as the narrator and do not include other people in the video. Use video format/software generally available and provided with PC or MAC operating systems (e.g., MP4, MPEG, MOV, WMV, SWF or FLV). Remember, the instructor must be able to open the video file and view it for a grade. Draft a PowerPoint Presentation: 10 to 15 slides long; at a minimum, all criteria below must be fully addressed. Graphics are accepted if properly referenced, but the most important information with respect to grading is the narrative material and the organization of the presentation. Address the following criteria at a minimum: Course name, student name, module number, and date. Choose an example of a Florida Spring and briefly describe it as a freshwater resource and what it has been used for. Report the federal and state government rules or regulations that apply to Florida Springs, their protections, their use, and any oversight. Name the government agencies that have authority over the Florida Springs and describe their involvement. Report and briefly explain at least two major environmental concerns related to the Florida Springs and one freshwater resource issue. Explain the human activities that negatively impact Florida Springs. Report on what is being done to protect the Florida Springs and the costs involved. Propose at least one further action that could be taken to protect the Florida Springs.

We have been working to investigate weather and climate at a location you chose from around the world. The purpose of this paper is to look at the most recent full year of weather data (2023) in the your city and compare it with the 30 year climatic average to see if there are any discernible changes in atmospheric parameters or patterns between the two time-series (2023 and climate average). In order to evaluate these data and put them in context you need to describe the conditions that affect weather and climate in your city/region (such as geography, latitude, elevation, proximity to mountains, proximity to water (this is your location primer)). We are specifically looking at temperature and precipitation data. You have completed the following, and should include this graph: Found the maximum, minimum and average temperature (degrees C) and total precipitation (mm) for each day/month of 2023 at this location and plotted the results on one graph. You added the climatic average of temperature and precipitation daily/monthly over the course of a year at this site. Make sure you define what period of time this climatological data covers (given from your data source). Your paper will bring all of this quarter's work together in a single summary. You will follow the format below. Make sure to carefully document your paper as to what reference your information is taken from. Use the author date type scientific reference format (see website for citation format – modified CSELinks to an external site.). The text of your paper should NOT EXCEED 4 pages in length (double-spaced). (This does not include your tables, figures, and references.) The style should be clear, organized and well structured so that the reader can follow your logic. Please check your spelling and grammar. If you think about it, you have essentially done all of this work. It is now time to pull it all together. Be sure to include: city location; link to placemark on map; primer for city; graph with 2023 and climate data; explanation of 2023; temperature pattern; relationship to precipitation; how information from primer influences these patterns; explanation of climate average to 2023 temperature and precipitation Scientific Paper Format Title page with TITLE, AUTHOR, DATE SUBMITTED Content pages with ABSTRACT - short single-spaced summary at the head of the paper. This is designed so that readers can quickly determine if they are interested in the topic and should read further. Limited to 250 words INTRODUCTION - What is this paper about? Give the reader a game plan for what will be covered where in your paper. This particular paper should include a description of the site, including physical conditions/geography that may affect the weather/climate and set the stage for observed weather/climate changes or air pollution issues at this location. What previous studies on weather and climate have been done in this area that would provide context for your study? The INTRODUCTION should include your city location, placemark; primer METHODS - A brief description of the methods (how, where, etc...) you used to collect your data. RESULTS - An analysis of the data you collected. The RESULTS should include graph with 2023 and climate data;explanation of 2023 (temperature pattern; relationship to precipitation; how information from primer influences these patterns); DISCUSSION - Discuss how the physical setting and configuration of this city location determines the weather and climate in this area. Discuss how 2023 meteorological conditions are similar or different from climatological conditions at this location. The DISCUSSION should include explanation of climate average to 2023 temperature and precipitation CONCLUSION – Summarize the main results, outcomes and points of your paper.

Part 1: Overview of the Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is a complex system with interactions between the different components of the Earth System. In this homework, you will learn how carbon is moved between the different reservoirs naturally, and how human activities are changing the cycle. Volcanic eruptions (0.6 GT/year) Dissolution of atmospheric carbon in surface ocean (90 GT/year Photosynthesis on land (110 GT/year) Release of carbon from surface ocean to atmosphere (90 GT/year) Leaf fall to soil (60 GT/year) Uptake of carbon from surface ocean by ocean life (10 GT/year) Respiration from life on land (i.e., plants, 50 GT/year) Downwelling (mixing) from surface to deep ocean (96.2 GT/year) Respiration from soil (59.4 GT/year) Upwelling (mixing) from deep ocean to surface ocean (105.6 GT/year) Runoff of soil to surface ocean (0.6 GT/year) Dead ocean life sinking to deep ocean (10 GT/year) Deposition of sediment from deep ocean to rock (0.6 GT/year) 1.The diagram above shows the reservoirs of the carbon cycle with the mass of carbon in Gigatons. Using PowerPoint or the “Draw” feature in Microsoft Word, draw labelled arrows between the relevant reservoirs to represent the sinks and sources listed in the table above. Save your PowerPoint slide as an image (watch the tutorial video if you need help) and insert the image in the space below.  (13 points) 2.  [Insert your completed carbon cycle diagram here. ] 3.Ignoring the solid Earth, which of the reservoirs has the longest residence time and which has the shortest residence time? What are the residence times of carbon in each of these? (4 pts) Longest Reservoir: Residence time: Shortest Reservoir: Residence time: 4.Your diagram currently represents how the carbon cycle operated before humans started affecting the atmosphere. Is the carbon cycle at a steady state today (as in the year 2024)? How do you know? (2 pts) 5.What extra arrows would you need to draw on the diagram to represent human activities that affect the carbon cycle? Where would they flow from and to? Describe at least two. (2 pts) 6.What effect do you think these additional fluxes will have on the size of the different carbon reservoirs? (2 pts) Part 2. Interactive Carbon Cycle Simulation for “Business as Usual” In this step, you will use an online carbon cycle simulation to observe how human activities are impacting the flux of carbon through the Earth System.  You will need to “ESS15_W24_HW5_CarbonCycle.xlsx” file and this link for the website. 1.For the first simulation, you will use the lesson Carbon Cycle and keep the parameters of fossil fuel use and net deforestation at their pre-set values of 2%/yr and 1 GT/yr, respectively. This simulation will show you what the future carbon cycle will look like if we continue the “business as usual” pathway of using fossil fuels and deforestation at our current global rates. Familiarize yourself with the carbon system diagram on the right. The main reservoirs of carbon are labeled, and their initial sizes are shown. For example, in year 2010, the size of the terrestrial plants carbon reservoir is 700 GT and the size of the atmosphere is 720 GT. As you progress through each decade of the simulation, these values will change, and we will keep track of this information in our spreadsheet. Begin the simulation by clicking the green “run decade” button. At each decade interval, fill in the corresponding data table in the Excel spreadsheet. Complete the simulation through the year 2120. (5 pts) *Hint: the sizes of the soil, ocean surface, and deep ocean reservoirs do not change, but rather show the +XX GT change. In your table, start with their initial values for 2010, and then add formulas for the following decades. For example, with the surface ocean you can do: = 1000+XX, or deep ocean: =38000 + YY where XX and YY are the respective increases in those reservoirs per decade of the simulation. This way the math is done for you automatically on your Excel table. 2.Using the collected data, make a plot of the different reservoir sizes in GT (atmosphere, surface ocean, deep ocean, soil, and plants) from 2010 to 2120. Put the deep ocean on a secondary y-axis (watch this video for help). Insert your figure below. Be sure to include appropriate axes labels and units, a legend, and a title. (5 pts) 3.Calculate the rate of change in the size of each of the reservoirs from 2010 to 2120. where t is the current time step (ex: year 2030) and t-1 is the previous time step (ex: year 2020). The atmosphere’s rate of change is started for you. Make a figure for the rate of change for each reservoir and insert your figure below. Be sure to include appropriate axes labels and units, a legend, and a title. (15 pts) 4.What do you observe in the rate of changes in the different carbon reservoirs over time? Are they all the same? Or do some change more/less than others? In at least one paragraph, discuss your observations. (5 pts) 5.Calculate the amount the carbon emissions (in percent) that end up in each reservoir for each decade. This can be done by first determining the change in the reservoir’s sizes after each decade. Then divide these values by the total emissions of carbon at the time step (column G, “Smokestack”). For example, if the atmosphere changed by 10 GT and the total emissions were 100 GT, the percent of the total emissions that ended up in the atmosphere at that time step would be 10%. Remember that Excel acts as a calculator, so you can type formulas in a cell and drag! Make a graph of the results and insert your figure here. Be sure to include the appropriate axes labels and units, a legend, and a title. (15 pts) 6.What do you observe about where carbon ends up in the Earth System through time in this scenario? Do all the reservoirs “accept” the same amount of carbon or are some different? Is the amount of carbon ending up in each reservoir the same at every time step or does it change? In at least one paragraph, discuss your results. (5 pts) Part 3. Interactive Carbon Cycle Simulation for a “Drawdown” Scenario 1.For the second simulation, you will change the lesson to “Curb Emissions” and reduce the parameters of fossil fuel use and net deforestation at to -4%/yr and -4 GT/yr, respectively. Press “RESET” to set these parameters. This simulation will show you what the future carbon cycle will look like if make drastic cuts to our carbon emissions by stopping fossil fuel use and deforestation.        Begin the simulation by clicking “run decade”. At each decade interval, fill in the corresponding data table in the       Excel spreadsheet. Complete the simulation through year 2100.       Using the collected data, make a plot of the different reservoir sizes from 2010 to 2100. Insert your figure below.      Be sure to include appropriate axes labels and units, a legend, and a title. Put the deep ocean on the secondary      y-axis (10 pts) 2.Compare and contrast the differences in the carbon reservoirs with this curb emissions scenario and the “business-as-usual” scenario. (5 pts) 3.Continue running the curb emission scenario out into the far future (2500). You do not need to record the data. While you do this, pay attention to the different reservoir sizes and to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Describe what happens to carbon in the Earth System in the future. Where does the carbon that had been emitted to the atmosphere prior to 2010 end up? Is this a slow or fast process? (5 pts) 4.From what you have witnessed in this “curb emissions” scenario, explain the concept of “climate inertia”. Use the internet if you need to and cite your sources (links are acceptable). (5 pts) 5.With the concept of “climate inertia” in mind, why is it important that we begin curbing carbon emissions as soon as possible? (2 pts) 6.In one paragraph, summarize what you learned from this homework activity. (2 pts)