The "military-industrial complex." Ominous right? You'd probably think that catchy phrase was coine ...
The "military-industrial complex." Ominous right? You'd probably think that catchy phrase was coined by some radical antiwar '60s activist like Abbie Hoffman or Jerry Rubin, or maybe that peacenik, Hanoi-Jane-marrying congressman Tom Hayden ? You'd be wrong. It took a career soldier to warn against the rampant expansion of the arms industry and the military establishment. It took a five-star general, the Supreme Commander of the Allies in Europe who commanded the Normandy invasion that eventually liberated Europe and won the Second World War. The future Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) who faced down the Soviet Union in order to contain the spread of communism. A Republican president of the United States who banned squirrels from the White House lawn because they were ruining his putting practice. It took Dwight David Eisenhower. Eisenhower, or, as we like to call him, Ike, or General Ike, or The Kansas Cyclone, or Duckpin (all totally real nicknames), was one of the greatest military and political leaders in American—let's make that world—history. For most of his life, Ike wasn't particularly political (unless you count kicking Nazi butt as a political activity). In the election cycles after WWII, both the Democrats and the Republicans begged him to join their ticket for a presidential run. The American people probably would have liked him if he ran for president as a Whig, to be honest. He was the most beloved public figure in the country. Ike thought it was unseemly for a career military guy to get involved in the messy business of partisan politics. But in 1952, when he saw one of the Republican candidate wannabes threatening to make the U.S. an isolationist country, he couldn't let that slide. He knew firsthand how important America's role in the world was. He declared himself a Republican, clinched the nomination, and won the election easy like Sunday morning. A young Richard Nixon was his vice president responsible for all the "political" stuff behind the scenes so Ike didn't have to worry about all of those shenanigans. With Nixon as attack dog, Ike could focus on the big picture. In that big picture, Ike believed balance was the answer to the challenges the country was facing. He was a remarkably moderate Republican, and ended up drawing criticism from both wings of the political spectrum for it. Still, he remained wildly popular with the American people. He was kinda like America's grandpa. They liked Ike. Eisenhower's "Farewell Address" came, duh, at the end of his presidency. True to form, he didn't use the opportunity to pat himself on the back or to give a list of shout-outs. To the last, he offered guidance and wisdom to an America that was radically different from the one he grew up in, but which he still believed was an exceptional nation with an exceptional responsibility to the rest of the world. Ike had three main points to make before he officially signed off, all involving a delicate balance between military preparedness and military spending that threated to eat up the whole budget. (1) He knew the U.S. needed a big military and lots of weapons, but he warned against the "military-industrial complex"—the individuals, corporations, organizations, and ideological interest groups that are involved in the preparation for war and defense—having too much influence over policy. He thought that a permanent arms industry, coupled with a permanent large military, was a very dangerous combo. Pretty interesting point of view for an old soldier. (2) Ike thought the technology boom of the 1940s and '50s was a good thing, but warned against the "scientific-technological elite" having too much power, too. Ike was living in a world of epic technological advances, which he knew could be used for good (telecommunications) or bad (Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Ike wanted to keep alive the American spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship without Big Science gobbling up all the resources or the federal government deciding what could and couldn't be done. (2) Ike warned against living only in the moment, spending too much money, and using up resources without regard to future generations. Coming at a time of unprecedented industrial production and consumption, this was also a very gutsy thing to say. Having gotten all that off his chest, Ike bid the country goodnight, wished the new president well, and started planning his next golf trip. Looking at the subsequent course of American foreign policy, it seems like almost everybody promptly forgot every word he said. Oops?
