question and correct answers only Review Test – Chapter 4 1. Virtually every task performed ...

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question and correct answers only Review Test – Chapter 4 1. Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires energy. A. True B. False 2. Which of the following is energy currency cells use to perform immediate work? A. ATP B. Carbon dioxide C. Oxygen D. Sugar E. All of the above 3. Which of the following is NOT true of metabolic pathways? A. Consist of a series of chemical reactions B. Anabolic pathways require energy C. Catabolic pathways release energy D. Facilitated or catalyzed by enzymes E. All of the above are true 4. Which of the following refers to the matter relevant to a particular case of energy transfer? A. Element B. Surrounding C. System D. Thermodynamics E. None of the above 5. Which of the following is NOT a system when heating a pot of water on a stove? A. Air B. Pot C. Stove D. Water E. All of the above 6. Biological organisms are closed systems. A. True B. False 7. Which of the following is NOT true of energy? A. Energy exists in the same form B. Energy is defined as the ability to do work C. Energy is subject to physical laws D. Energy is transferred within the system E. There are two types of systems: open and closed 8. Which of the following is NOT true of thermodynamics? A. Energy can be created or destroyed BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 2 B. Energy may be transferred from place to place C. Energy will always be lost as heat in energy transfers D. The total amount of energy in the universe is constant and conserved E. All of the above are true 9. _______________ is stored within organic molecules such as sugars and fats. A. Chemical energy B. Electrical energy C. Heat energy D. Light energy E. Thermal energy 10. _______________ is the measure of randomness or disorder within a system. A. ATP B. Energy C. Entropy D. Heat E. Thermodynamics 11. High entropy means _________ disorder and _________ energy. A. High - high B. High - low C. Low - high D. Low - low 12. Living things are highly ordered, requiring constant energy input to be maintained in a state of low entropy. A. True B. False 13. Which of the following does NOT have kinetic energy? A. A rapidly flowing river B. A speeding bullet C. A still water D. A walking person E. A waterfall 14. Even a slow-moving wrecking ball can do a great deal of damage to other objects because it has __________________. A. Activation energy B. Chemical energy C. Free energy D. Kinetic energy E. Potential energy BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 3 15. If a ball were to fall, the __________ energy would be transformed into __________ energy. A. Activation - kinetic B. Free - kinetic C. Kinetic - free D. Kinetic - potential E. Potential - kinetic 16. Which of the following is NOT true of potential energy? A. Associated with the location B. Associated with the structure of matter C. Associated with objects in motion D. Can be transformed into kinetic energy E. The energy of water held behind a dam 17. A rubber band that is pulled taut has ______________. A. Activation energy B. Chemical energy C. Free energy D. Kinetic energy E. Potential energy 18. Which of the following is usable energy or the energy that is available to do work? A. Activation energy B. Chemical energy C. Free energy D. Kinetic energy E. Potential energy 19. Which of the following is NOT true of exergonic reactions? A. ?G (delta G) will be a negative number B. Energy is released C. Spontaneous reactions D. The products of the reaction have less free energy than the reactants E. All of the above are true 20. The products have more free energy than the reactants in endergonic chemical reactions. A. True B. False 21. Which of the following is a substance that helps a chemical reaction to occur? A. Catalyst B. Product C. Reactant D. Substrate E. All of the above BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 4 22. Which of the following refers to the molecules that catalyze biochemical reaction? A. Enzymes B. Products C. Reactants D. Substrates E. All of the above 23. Without enzymes to speed up chemical reactions inside a cell, life could not persist. A. True B. False 24. Which of the following is lowered by enzymes to speed up the chemical reactions? A. Activation energy B. Chemical energy C. Free energy D. Kinetic energy E. Potential energy 25. An enzyme itself is unchanged by the reaction it catalyzes. A. True B. False 26. Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? A. Change the free energy of the reactants or products B. Most enzymes are proteins C. Speed up chemical reactions D. The substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site E. All of the above are true 27. Increasing the environmental temperature generally increases reaction rates. A. True B. False 28. Which of the following competes with the substrate for binding to the active site and simply block the substrate from binding? A. Allosteric activation B. Allosteric inhibition C. Competitive inhibition D. Feedback inhibition E. All of the above 29. Which of the following involves the use of a reaction product to regulate its own further production? A. Allosteric activation BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 5 B. Allosteric inhibition C. Competitive inhibition D. Feedback inhibition E. All of the above 30. What is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism? A. Citric acid cycle B. Electron transport chain C. Fermentation D. Glycolysis E. Transition reaction 31. Where does glycolysis take place? A. Cytoplasm B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Plasma membrane E. All of the above 32. Excess free energy would result in an increase of heat in the cell, which would denature enzymes and other proteins, and thus destroy the cell. A. True B. False 33. Which of the following is the primary energy currency of cells? A. ATP B. DNA C. Enzyme D. Glucose E. RNA 34. Which of the following is a five-carbon sugar found in RNA? A. ATP B. Glucose C. NADH D. Pyruvate E. Ribose 35. Glycolysis ends with two molecules of a three-carbon sugar called __________________. A. ATP B. Glucose C. NADH D. Pyruvate E. Ribose BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 6 36. How many net ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 E. 34 37. Where are sites of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells? A. Cytoplasm B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Plasma membrane E. All of the above 38. The citric acid cycle in eukaryotic cells takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. A. True B. False 39. Which of the following is NOT true of the citric acid cycle? A. A closed loop B. Also called the Krebs cycle C. Consists of eight steps D. Produces two CO2, one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 per turn E. All of the above are true 40. Most of the ATP are generated from _____________________ during the aerobic catabolism of glucose. A. Citric acid cycle B. Electron transport chain C. Fermentation D. Glycolysis E. Transition reaction 41. Which of the following is the last component of aerobic respiration? A. Citric acid cycle B. Electron transport chain C. Fermentation D. Glycolysis E. Transition reaction 42. Lactic acid fermentation occurs routinely in mammalian red blood cells and in skeletal muscle that has insufficient oxygen supply to allow aerobic respiration to continue. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 7 43. Which of the following is NOT true of alcohol fermentation? A. Causes muscle stiffness and fatigue B. Producing ethanol C. Two enzymes are involved D. Used by yeast E. All of the above are true 44. Natural levels of alcohol in wine occur at a maximum of 12 %. A. True B. False 45. What is the main purpose of fermentation? A. To generate proton motive force B. To make ATP C. To produce electrochemical gradient D. To reoxidize NADH to NAD+ E. All of the above 46. The group of archaea called methanogens reduces _____________ to methane to oxidize NADH. A. Carbon dioxide B. Nitrate C. Oxygen D. Pyruvate E. Sulfate 47. Which of the following is killed by oxygen? A. Facultative anaerobes B. Microaerophilic microbes C. Obligate aerobes D. Obligate anaerobes E. All of the above 48. Which of the following is a polymer of glucose and a short-term energy storage molecule in animals? A. Cholesterol B. Fructose C. Galactose D. Glycogen E. Sucrose 49. Which of the following is a lipid that contributes to cell membrane flexibility and is a precursor of steroid hormones? A. Cholesterol B. Fructose BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 4 8 C. Galactose D. Glycogen E. Sucrose 50. Fatty acids are broken into two-carbon units that enter the _______________. A. Citric acid cycle B. Electron transport chain C. Fermentation D. Glycolysis E. Transition reaction