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Remember that skirmish known as World War II? D-Day, Tom Hanks, Pearl Harbor, Nazis, genocide—you know the one. A few months after Britain officially declared war on Germany and its allies in September, 1939, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigned. Chamberlain had been disgraced by his previous policy of appeasement toward German leader Adolf Hitler. By the time he realized his tragic mistake, everyone knew he wasn't the man to lead the country into war with Germany. Winston Churchill, Lord of the Admiralty, a man who'd warned about the German threat for years, was chosen to take his place and form a new government. By the time the new prime minister gave his "Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat" speech in 1940, Hitler and his Nazi regime had overrun much of Europe, had just invaded Holland, and were about to break through into France. It seemed that Great Britain was the last country standing, and they knew Hitler wanted to take them down, too. On May 13, 1940, Churchill addressed Parliament for the first time as prime minister to deliver a speech that would become known as "Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat." Churchill was pretty well known for his speeches, as well as for his one-liners. By this point, he was already famous in Britain for his lengthy political and military career and the books he wrote about that lengthy political and military career. The speech he gave to Parliament on May 13 had two primary aims. First, he took care of some business and talked about the new government he was forming. He was making an effort to create a true coalition government that included people from all parties. If you're wondering why he was creating a government, here's a guide on the British parliamentary system to help explain. His second aim? To get everyone amped up for the coming war. Unlike his predecessor, Churchill was ready and willing to fight. He'd been telling people for years that Germany was a serious threat. But the government leaders kept saying "We'd rather not fight; this Hitler guy isn't so bad as long as he keeps it to the German-speaking part of the world." Chamberlain, the previous PM, got the boot for being conned by Hitler's promises to stay out of Europe and as a result pretty much handing Czechoslovakia over to the Nazis (source). Yeah, if this wasn't an occasion for an "I told you so," we don't know what is. Of course, Churchill was classier than that. This speech was Churchill's grand entrance to the prime ministership—yes, it's a word; look it up—and a rallying cry to Parliament. Churchill used the speech to inspire a group of MPs who were very worried about the coming conflict, were still loyal to Neville Chamberlain, or had mixed feelings about Churchill. Churchill employed his famous way with words to express serious political ideas but also get a bunch of politicians unified for the huge challenges that lay ahead. Adolf Hitler, consider yourself on notice.   

History is full of rich white men saying stuff. And sure—a lot of these speeches are amazing. But then there are the others. You know the speeches we're talking about: the out-of-touch ones. Some of these speeches are so full of academic lingo that they should probably come with a decoder ring. Some of these speeches are so removed from reality that you wonder if these dudes ever left their mansions. And some of them are so patronizing that you wonder if these guys learned everything they knew about a lack of privilege from reading about Dickensian orphans. Enter: Sojourner Truth and her "Ain't I a Woman?" speech. This is the antidote for textbooks filled with stuffy rich guy prose. Because not only did this woman talk the talk (so eloquently she gave this insanely famous speech 100% extemporaneously), but she walked the walk. Yeah. Most people can't live up to the last name "Truth." But Sojourner isn't most people. Sojourner Truth was born as Isabella Baumfree, but she chose Sojourner Truth as her name later in life. Sojourner in Old French means "to travel, to seek" (and Truth is self-explanatory). She chose a name for herself that defined her as a truth-seeker, a fitting name for an abolitionist and women's rights activist who had actual life experience with her cause. In 1851, Truth stood up at the Ohio Woman's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio and gave a completely spontaneous speech we know as "Ain't I a Woman?" (But we also have to take the speech we know today with a grain or five of salt. Truth grew up speaking Dutch in New York, and her speech was transcribed later with poetic license to make her sound like a Southerner.)    But creative editing aside, Truth's speech is flat-out, jaw-droppingly amazing…probably because she knew what she was taking about. She'd lived it. She stood up as a female former slave and made the audience regard her as deserving of the rights of white men. History would a) prove her right and b) immortalize her. Because Truth was truthfully speaking truth before most people knew what truth was. And yes—we gave you a lot of "truth" in that sentence. But we didn't give you even half as much as Sojourner does in "Ain't I a Woman?"

Only '90s Kids Will Remember… Much like the decade during which he was president, Bill Clinton, is sometimes a punch line. When many people remember the '90s, they think of the worst things the decade had to offer: dial-up Internet, parachute pants, spiky frosted N' Sync Hair, butterfly clips…do we need to go on? It was the same with Clinton. The negative press he got because of his personal life came to eclipse his presidency in pop culture, despite the fact that his administration presided over an unparalleled era of prosperity for America. Think about it: while we were still listening to ska and waiting for the Space Jam website to load, America's economy boomed, the federal government achieved a budget surplus, and America faced no external threats. How did Bill Clinton pull all this off? He was adaptable. Like the shapeshifters from Star Trek, Clinton never let anyone be too sure what he was—especially whether he was conservative or liberal.    A Promise To Compromise Clinton defined the balancing act of the modern presidency: how to get what you want by giving just enough to your political opponents. It's called compromise, and though the politicians of the 21st century don't talk about it much, it's pretty much the biggest part of the business. In his 1996 State of the Union Address, delivered on January 23rd, the man known (among other things) as the Comeback Kid stared down a hostile Republican majority in Congress and put on a compromise clinic. During his first term beginning in 1993, Clinton, a Democrat, got a lot of liberal-leaning policies (generally favored by Democrats) passed. He signed gun control legislation, overturned some restrictions on abortion, and signed a law giving workers at big companies better options to take family leave. All of this happened because he had a Democratic Congress backing him. The script flipped during the mid-term, or Congressional, elections of 1994, when Republicans took over the majority of seats in both chambers of Congress. Approaching the next presidential election in 1996, Clinton faced an uphill battle: how was he going to stay in the top spot in a nation that had moved in a new political direction? During the State of the Union that year, with his eventual opponent for the presidency, Senator Bob Dole, in attendance, he embraced conservatism with some choice rhetoric about issues generally favored by Republicans: shrinking government, family values, and law enforcement. Smart guy, huh? This speech is part of the reason why Clinton proved to be a super-controversial president, even before personal scandals eventually dominated his legacy. Throughout his eight-year administration, both conservative Republicans and liberal Democrats attacked him and criticized him for his unpredictable political stances. Some called him a "flip-flopper," while others called him practical and adaptable. So how did someone who managed to make so many enemies make such a big difference? Like a great jazz musician, Clinton knew how to keep a solo act going with some improvisation. The first Democrat since Franky D. Roosevelt to win reelection (sorry, Jimmy Carter), he knew how to adapt his message to the demands of the times. So while you're scrolling through Buzzfeed listicle after Buzzfeed listicle about the great things the '90s had to offer (um: Troll dolls, Titanic, the Goosebumps books, 2Pac…) remember Bill Clinton. Because whether you loved the guy as much as drinking Fruitopia or hated him as much as watching Drew Barrymore die in Scream, the guy (and his compromises) is as iconic '90s as they come.

Passion. Betrayal. Truth. Lies. Love. War. The search for identity in a changing world. Are we describing The Lion King? Pride and Prejudice? Desperate Housewives? Nope, we're talking about the 1964 Republican National Convention. The Republican presidential nomination that year went to Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona, who eventually got epically slaughtered in the general election by incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson. But before all that happened, there was a primary season. And it was a nasty one. Our major players on the right side of the aisle were Barry Goldwater, Nelson Rockefeller, Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., John Byrnes, and William Scranton (and if a few of those names are ringing a bell, they totally should). While most political contests are passionate and enthusiastic, 1964 was the year that passion and enthusiasm brought their A-game to the Republican crowd. Why so crazy? Because the Republican Party was going through a huge identity crisis, and it was pulling itself apart at the seams. Since it formed in 1850, the GOP had been identified and united by a common distrust of big government and a dedication to the cause of individual freedom. But ever since FDR and his New Deal, some members of the party had begun to find themselves on opposite sides of the fence. Some Republicans had come to realize the benefits of government-sponsored programs, and their political stance became more moderate. The rest of the Republicans, horrified by FDR's programs getting all up in their personal space, dug in as "true conservatives," and this fissure in the party grew and grew... …Until it exploded during the 1964 presidential primary. Eventually, the minefield—we mean, field—narrowed to two main contenders: Nelson Rockefeller and Barry Goldwater. Nelson Rockefeller, or "Rocky" as his squad called him, was a moderate Republican. Barry Goldwater was decidedly not. As it so happened, most Republican voters weren't looking for a moderate in 1964. They didn't want more of the same, more of the "Me Too Republicanism" that folks like Rocky embraced. They wanted someone who slapped down the ever-expanding federal waistline with a wag of the finger and said, "Not today, federal government." And so they chose Barry. He gave a barnburner of an acceptance speech that laid out his rock-solid conservative principles and presented a vision of the nation where the Constitution really ruled, freedom rang, budgets were balanced, the military was strong, and the government butted out of people's (and businesses') lives. If only we could get to that, Goldwater insisted, the rest would take care of itself. And even though he got absolutely creamed in the general election, Goldwater's ideas are still, so many years later, the backbone for a pretty substantial portion of the Republican Party (and some libertarians, too). We bet Desperate Housewives won't have that kind of staying power.   

It was explosively controversial, bringing out the haters and sparking a national conversation that totally dominated the media. And depending on who you asked, it was either a bold experiment that dared to break new ground or it was a financial disaster. An awesome idea or an epic fail. An opportunity for women to finally show their stuff, or a slap in the face to a beloved cultural institution. No, we're not talking about the Ghostbusters remake. We're talking about Prohibition, the period in the U.S. between 1920 and 1933 when the 18th Amendment to the Constitution made it illegal to manufacture, sell, or import "intoxicating beverages" anywhere in the U.S. Yep, that all-American pastime—drinking beer, wine, and hard liquor—was soon to be illegal. After you drank up the stuff you already owned, if you wanted to drink, you had to violate the Constitution. Let's back up, though. Americans have always loved them some partying. Colonial Americans drank early and often. By 1760, there were 60+ rum distilleries in Massachusetts and 22 just in Newport, Rhode Island, alone (source). Cowboys had their saloons, rich folks had their fancy private clubs, working guys had their neighborhood bars, college students had, well, anywhere they could think of. Forget baseball—drinking was the real national pastime. So what made Americans decide to turn off the tap? Lots of things, it turns out. In the early 1800s, as the result of a religious revival that swept the country, social reformers and evangelical Christians decided it was time to get serious about the dangerous effects of drunkenness on society and the family. Women were tired of having their lives ruined by husbands who spent their paychecks on whiskey instead of food and rent. Temperance societies sprung up around the country, preaching—wait for it—temperance (moderation) in the use of alcohol. Alcoholism came to be seen as a major public health issue. The Temperance Movement was a mad success. In 1851, Maine went "dry," followed soon after by twelve other states. Prohibitionists formed the ultimate single-issue political party, The Prohibition Party; a politician was either "wet" or "dry," and it had absolutely nothing to do with how recently they'd gotten out of the bathtub. Except for a brief intermission for the Civil War, the Prohibition movement gained steam through the turn of the century thanks to a coalition of different groups that all hated alcohol for their own reasons. Women saw Prohibition as part of the march of social progress that included universal suffrage and equal access to education and the professions. Industrialists like Henry Ford thought that a sober workforce might be more productive. Colleges saw the benefits of non-hungover students. Even the KKK and the Communists came out in favor of Prohibition. Starting with local and state governments, the politically savvy Anti-Saloon League threw the support of its voting bloc behind dry candidates. More states went dry. The League decided to go big: no less than a Constitutional amendment to smack down demon rum once and for all. The final piece of the puzzle dropped into place in 1913 with the passage of the 16th Amendment creating a federal income tax. Up until then, 40% of federal revenue came from liquor taxes. (Did we mention Americans loved to drink?) With the new tax, Prohibition wouldn't break the bank. A Prohibition resolution was put before Congress and passed. By the beginning of 1919, the required number of states ratified the shiny new 18th Amendment. Then everyone stopped drinking and the country entered a new golden age. Just kidding. Problem was, Prohibition was impossible to enforce. One Detroit newspaperman said, "It was absolutely impossible to get a drink...unless you walked at least ten feet and told the busy bartender what you wanted in a voice loud enough for him to hear you above the uproar" (source). Making alcohol illegal gave criminal groups an instantly valuable product that could make them, like, all the cash. Gangsters like Al Capone made a fortune manufacturing, importing, and selling liquor. With all that money on the line, gang violence escalated to insane levels, and law enforcement either couldn't keep up or were in the pockets of the gangs and looked the other way. By the late-1920s, public sentiment turned against Prohibition. The stock market crash of 1929 and subsequent Great Depression didn't help. People had to deal with the misery of financial ruin without the help of the occasional beer, and all those alcohol tax dollars started looking pretty good to a panicked government. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt campaigned at least partially on a platform of repealing the 18th Amendment. By early 1933, the 21st Amendment was on the table, and its only job was getting rid of the 18th. When Utah became the 36th state to ratify the Amendment (giving Congress the required 3/4 of states), what President Herbert Hoover had called the "noble experiment" with Prohibition was over. And FDR? He celebrated. With a martini.   

In addition to fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal, there are alternative sources of energy. Select one of these alternative energy sources and compare it to a fossil fuel of your choice. Focus on the positive and negative aspects of each. Which do you feel is a better choice? Why? Pose a question at the end of your initial work for your peers and professor. All work must be done in APA format, in-text citations and scholarly resources.

Processes involved in the production of cellular energy include cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and fermentation. In this assignment, you will describe their basic features. Instructions: You will create an 8-slide PowerPoint presentation in this manner: Slide 1: Title slide (include your name). Slides 2 & 3: Cellular Respiration Slides 4 & 5: Photosynthesis Slides 6 & 7: Fermentation § Include at least 2 images of each process (at least 6 in total). § Each slide should be only the image of the process, its name, and where the image came from (citation). No other words. You can have more than one image on a slide. § Using the speaker notes, enter your description of the process demonstrated on each slide. This description must be in your own words. You must use intext citation where necessary. Slide 8: Reference slide in APA format. The following links will help you in creating your PowerPoint: Creating a PowerPoint Presentation Add Speaker Notes to Your Slides

Questions: Primary Post Summarize two key points from the GMH Lecture and Discussion Recording Expound on these points by expanding, critiquing and/or applying them to a clinical practice

What are your personal strengths in connection to the dispositions? Support your ideas with examples. Empathy/Compassion: Having empathy/being compassionate is vital for the field of counseling. When dealing with a person, showing empathy and compassion helps them to feel safe and like they can talk to you about what is bothering them. For example, being a firefighter, I must constantly remain empathetic and compassionate, from alerting a family member that their loved one has passed away or having to inform a friend that all of her dogs passed away in the fire. Responsibility: Accepting responsibility for your actions and decisions is important for everyone, not just counselors. “Personal responsibility empowers clients to make healthy choices for themselves and others. Teaching client responsibility in the therapy room can help them mirror to others their ability to self-regulate their emotions, control impulses, and make sound decisions” (Hutchison, 2024). For example, I practice personal responsibility each time a tool has to be cleaned and made sure it is in working order at the fire department. If that tool breaks, does not crank, etc., I am responsible for it. Problem-solving: Having problem-solving skills is both important in personal and professional life. “Problem-solving helps us understand relationships and implement the changes and improvements needed to compete and survive in a continually changing environment” (Stottler & Tregoe, 2017). For example, I practice problem-solving anytime on the scene of an emergency. While on scene, I must come up with the best course of action to get the job done safely. This also includes helping family members understand what is happening and what steps we are taking. What are your areas for personal growth in connection to the dispositions? Support your ideas with examples. Active listening: Having ADHD, active listening is not always the easiest. Even though I am listening, my brain often records information as static, leaving me distracted at times. By developing good active listening skills, it would help me to better understand the client, their emotions, and ask more questions. Communication: Being able to communicate both effectively and clearly is important in the field of counseling. It allows clients to understand what you are saying. Sometimes, I find I talk fast, and my words become all jumbled together, making it hard for others to understand what is being said. By practicing effective and clear communication, misinterpretation and confusion will be less likely. In your own words, why are professional dispositions important?  Professional dispositions are important because they help each individual ensure they are the best versions of themselves. They give individuals the tools to be successful.

To prepare to complete your assignment: Review the case examples corresponding to your specialization in the media piece, Responding to Ethical and Legal Issues - Case Study. Select an ethical decision-making model. To aid in selection, first review pages 15–18 of the Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Counseling text and this week's readings. You will choose an ethical decision-making model from the following list: A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. A Social Constructivism Model of Ethical Decision-Making in Counseling. A Transcultural Integrative Model for Ethical Decision Making. An Ethical Decision-Making Model from a Multicultural Perspective. Remley and Herlihy. Solutions to Ethical Problems in School (STEPS). The Ethical Decision-Making Model (ACA). The Feminist Model. Support the selection of the model with evidence from a current, peer-reviewed article in a professional counseling journal of your choice. Some examples are included in the following reading list: Week 9: Responding to Ethical and Legal IssuesLinks to an external site.. Instructions After you have reviewed the case example corresponding to your specialization and selected an ethical decision-making model, use the Assignment 3 Responding to Ethical and Legal Issues Template [DOCX] to complete the following: Analysis of Ethical Decision-Making Model. Identify the most appropriate model for your case. (Clearly identify the name of the chosen ethical decision-making model.) (Limit 50 words) Justify why it is the most effective model to use in this case. (Limit 200 words) Explain why this model is a better choice in comparison to others. (Limit 250 words) Give examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the model. (Examples must be given) Application of Ethical Decision-Making Model. Identify the ethical and legal dilemmas in the case selected for your area of specialization. (Limit 150 words) Apply the selected decision-making model to the case you reviewed. Discuss how you, as the counselor working with this case, would apply each step of the ethical decision-making model selected to respond effectively to these legal and ethical issues. Include specific examples that illustrate the actions you will take. (Limit 400 words on how model would be applied) List the specific ethical codes, standards, or laws you would use to determine your response. (Limit 125 words) Explain how these codes, standards, or laws will influence your choices. (Limit 200 words) Impact of Cultural and Developmental Factors. Describe how you would demonstrate developmental or cultural sensitivity when addressing the legal and ethical issues presented in the specialization case study. (Limit 75 words) (Answer this section separate from the next section which requests specific examples.) Use specific examples to illustrate your idea (for example, culture, age, gender, setting, and population). (Limit 75 words) Impact of Counselor Values and Strategies to Address Them. Provide two examples of specific values and beliefs you hold that may influence your reactions. Explain how your personal values and beliefs impact your understanding of the situation and the choices you might make the role of the counselor when deciding how to respond to the legal and ethical issues that may arise in working with this specific client or student. (Limit 50 words) Present two specific strategies that you will develop to address the influence your personal values and beliefs may have on ethical decision-making with clients or students. (Limit 150 words) Submission Requirements Your paper should meet the following requirements: Template: Use the Assignment 3 Responding to Ethical and Legal Issues Template [DOCX] to complete this assignment. Written communication: Develop accurate written communication and thoughts that convey the overall goals of the assignment and do not detract from the overall message. Your submission should demonstrate graduate-level writing skills.