Respond to Classmates review your classmates’ work, ask probing questions, and provide them with your observation and feedback. Classmate 1: LVC Hospital Construction Risk Management Plan Sean Thomasson The University of Arizona Global Campus PRM400: Project Risk Management Professor Gail Hoskyns-Long January 29, 2025 Executive Summary (between 100 to 300 words): This Risk Management Plan has been designed to provide the framework for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks during healthcare construction projects at LVC Hospital in Las Vegas, NV. Currently, there are insufficient processes for managing risks, exposing projects to potential delays, cost overruns, safety hazards, and regulatory non-compliance. The plan aims to implement a structured risk management system that delivers all healthcare construction projects on time, within budget, and meets the necessary safety and quality standards. The risk management process will include risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and ongoing monitoring before, during, and after projects. We will assemble the project team to create a risk register to identify all potential risks, including but not limited to potential construction delays, budgetary issues, labor shortages, and regulatory changes. Risks will be assessed and prioritized regarding their likelihood and potential impact on the hospital, staff, and community. Mitigation strategies will then be developed, including proactive planning and reactive measures, including contingency planning. Regular monitoring and communication between all stakeholders are essential for successful risk management. Additionally, holding contractors accountable to the LVC Hospital standards and training hospital staff on these processes will help foster a culture of risk awareness and proactive problem-solving. In creating this risk management plan, LVC Hospital hopes to ensure a safer, more efficient environment for current and future projects and renovations. *** Use textbooks for info sourcing the risk management process? Table of Contents: 1. Introduction • Purpose of the Plan • Objectives and Scope 2. Risk Identification • Identify common risks in healthcare construction o Identify risks specific to construction? • Risk Register Development 3. Risk Assessment • Risk Evaluation (Likelihood & Impact) • Risk Prioritization 4. Risk Mitigation Strategies • Preventive Measures • Contingency Planning • Regulatory and Compliance Considerations 5. Ongoing Monitoring • Risk Monitoring Process • Schedule • Update the Risk Register 6. Roles and Responsibilities • Project Manager and Team • Hospital Leadership and Stakeholders • Contractors and External Partners 7. Training and Awareness • Training for Hospital Staff • Training for contractors and vendors Industry/Organization overview (between 100 to 300 words) LVC Hospital is located in Las Vegas, Nevada, serving a diverse population with a capacity of 400-500 beds. In addition to the main hospital campus, LVC Hospital operates an off-site, free-standing emergency building, expanding access to emergencymedical services across the city. *** Explain more about the hospital services and offering to help identify the risks attached to each department? Women’s services, NICU, Rehabilitation center, hospice, etc. *** Describe the hospitals role in the community??? *** Find credible sources to confirm/address need for healthcare facilities in Las Vegas Industry overview: From credible source: “The industry is expected to gain more projects in the healthcare field over the next two years. This type of construction project will take a lot of advanced technology, strong teamwork, motivation, etc. Those who can provide are expected to excel.” *** Use additional sources to verify growth of healthcare industry and need for constant expansion and technology upgrades in hospital settings. Organization's position in the marketplace (This can be obtained from an organization’s website or could be made up - between 100 to 300 words): ***At the risk of exposing my company (or violating my contract), I will write this position in the marketplace for a fictional hospital in the Las Vegas market.*** LVC Hospital is prominent in the Las Vegas healthcare market, offering essential medical services to a rapidly growing and diverse population. As the city's leading healthcare provider, the hospital is known for its extensive services, including emergency care, specialized surgeries, advanced oncology treatments, and critical care for adults and children. The hospital has earned a strong reputation in women's health services, offering specialized care in obstetrics, gynecology, and prenatal services. Additionally, its Level 3 NICU is critical, providing the highest level of neonatal care for premature and critically ill infants. Given the area's growing population and the region's reliance on its maternity and neonatal care capabilities, it is a vital service. Along with the city's continued expansion, LVC Hospital remains focused on adapting to the evolving healthcare demands of our community. Our commitment to high-quality care, patient safety, and state-of-the-art technology allows us to continue providing care to all community members. Our proactive approach to facility expansion and modernization ensures we will continue to meet the needs of a diverse population, positioning the hospital as an essential pillar in Las Vegas' healthcare landscape for years to come. Drawbacks of not having a risk management plan (1 to 2 pages) Create a bulleted list of 3 to 5 drawbacks Explain each of the drawback justifying the need for the risk management when managing projects: • Compromised Quality and Safety -Quality and safety are critical in healthcare settings, and are highlighted during construction. -Lack of risk management creates safety hazards, regulatory compliance failures, or substandard construction practices. -May lead to expensive reworks, safety incidents, or delays in obtaining necessary state and federal certifications. -Can harm the hospital's reputation and its ability to deliver high-quality care. • Delays in Project Timeline -Without risk management, the chance of significant delays increases. -Construction projects involve several contractors, suppliers, and stakeholders which all need to work together for the same goal and be on the same page. -Lack of risk identification can cause many issues to be left unaddressed. May include supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, or changes in regulations -Delays in construction impact the hospital’s ability to meet growing demand for services • Cost Overruns -One of the most significant risks in construction is budget overruns. *** Need credible source -Without a risk management plan, problems are less likely to be anticipated or managed. -Projects can quickly exceed their original budgets, especially in a hospital. (Construction projects in active hospitals are typically more costly due to extra regulations and ICRA requirements) *** Need credible source -Without a risk plan, unexpected additional funding requirements could impact other areas of hospital operations. Feel good about the first 3 drawbacks…need to decide an additional 1 or 2. Potentials include: • Reputation Damage -Reputation is vital to retaining patient trust. ***credible source -Negative media coverage or public perception In the long-term, damage to reputation could result in lost patient trust, reduced community support, and decreased financial resources. • Lack of Contingency Planning -No risk plan means no contingency plan for unforeseen events or emergencies during construction. -Without a contingency plan, the hospital is reactive vs proactive, leading to delays and budget overruns. -Contingency plans allow the hospital to react quickly and efficiently to unexpected challenges. • Strained Relationships with Stakeholders -No risk plan can affect hospital leadership, contractors, project managers, local authorities, and regulatory bodies. -Damage relationships with contractors and suppliers. Risk identification and assessment (1 page) Create a risk register (a blank template) that should be used in all the projects. Include all the relevant columns to capture the risks, possibilities, consequences, mitigation strategies, owners, etc.,: Example Risk Register ( To add color, graphics, details, etc) Date Risk Description Likelihood Impact Owner Consequence Mitigation Strategy 1/29/2025 Supply chain delays Medium High LVC Hospital Delayed openings/turnover Early purchase, multiple suppliers 1/29/2025 Labor shortage Low High General Contractor Delayed opening, cost overrun Work with local unions Risk management process (1 to 2 pages) Define how/when risk management related conversation should take place within the project life cycle for this organization Suggest who should be a part of the risk management processes and elaborate: -Risk management should be integrated throughout the entire life cycle of healthcare construction projects at LVC Hospital, from initial planning through project completion, includingreview. -The earlier risks are addressed and adjusted as necessary, to minimize the future impact on budget, schedule, safety, and quality. 1. Pre-Construction: -The project team should identify potential risks related to design, site conditions, and regulatory compliance. -Create the risk register. -Engage with stakeholders to clarify expectations -Set realistic timelines, and plan for unforeseen changes to avoid any surprises down the road. 2. During Construction: -Weekly meetings should be scheduled to review progress, identify new or changing risks, and update the risk register. -Construction-related risks must be actively monitored, and mitigation plans should be adjusted as necessary. -Maintain an open communication among contractors, project managers, and hospital leadership -Share milestones with stakeholders and avoid scope creep 3. Post-Construction Phase: -Review and monitor risks related to occupancy, compliance, and facility performance. -Post-construction inspections and risk assessments help identify any unanticipated issues that may arise with the new facilities, or allow staff to identify issues that can be corrected in future projects. -Conduct a risk review meeting to assess performance, identify lessons learned, and update internal risk management practices for future projects. (cite textbook ***) Participants in the Risk Management Process The project manager has to ensuring that risks are consistently tracked, analyzed, and mitigated. They will oversee the development of the risk register, lead regular risk assessment meetings, and ensure that mitigation strategies are implemented.(cite source***) Hospital Leadership should be involved to ensure alignmentwith the organization’s strategic long-term goals. Their involvement helps secure necessary resources for risk mitigation and ensures that risks impacting the hospital’s financials and reputation are effectively managed. Construction teams include architects, engineers, contractors, and subcontractors. They help identify risks to the physical construction of the facility. They can help avoid construction delays, and unforeseen site conditions. Construction teams help implement day-to-day on-site risk mitigation. Safety and Compliance Officers are often on-site at a hospital and can help to assess a construction area and provide quality checks and regulatory compliance standards. Hospital operations and facilities teams can help identify risks related to the functionality and maintenance aspects of project or construction spaces before and after project completion. External Stakeholders can include state inspectors, fire marshals, and independent analyzers and auditors. Legal departments??? Finance departments??? Researching risks (1 page) Include suggestions on how to research risks for a given project, especially when organization is embarking on a unique project: -Start by reviewing similar past projects within the organization (lessons learned from previous construction efforts can offerinsights) Project managers and team members who have worked on previous projects should be engaged in risk assessment to share their experiences and provide information regarding potential issues that could apply to the new project. -Hospital leadership and department heads can provide input on the needs of the facility, helping to identify risks related to workflow disruptions, operational impacts, and patient care during construction. -For a unique project, it is important to also use external resources. -Involve architects, contractors, and consultants who specialize in healthcare construction -Consult with regulatory agencies, such as the health department, state agencies, or healthcare accreditation organizations (CRS). They can ensure that all relevant standards and requirements are met, and can help identify potential compliance risks, especially when the project is unique or new. -Look at market conditions, including changes in building materials costs, construction labor availability, or shifting healthcare regulations. -??? -Brainstorming sessions??? -Simulations??? -Hypothetical contingency planning??? ***Provide summary Classifying risks (1 page) Educate your client about various categories of risks, including long-term risks, short-term risks, operational risks, etc.,: Long-Term Risks- • Regulatory changes (may impact construction or require older areas affected be brought up to new standards) • Environmental impacts • Market shifts in healthcare demand, including changes in community demographics and needs • Potential for future technology shift Short-Term Risks- • Construction delays (labor shortages, or material delays) • Budget overruns • Unforeseen site conditions or design issues • Supplier or subcontractor failures • Unexpected permitting or licensing delays Operational Risks- • Disruptions to hospital services during construction • Safety risks for patients, staff, and construction workers • Compliance with health and safety standards during construction • Impact on patient care due to construction activities Financial Risks- • Budget overruns • Unforeseen project costs • Insurance claims or liability costs • ???? Compliance and Legal Risks- • Failure to meet local, state, and federal regulations • Legal disputes with contractors or subcontractors • Risk of litigation from delays, defects, or accidents Reputational Risks- • Delays in project completion affecting public perception • Negative media coverage of cost overruns or safety incidents • Stakeholder loss of confidence • Issues with public trust Other????? • Construction-related accidents or injuries • Infection control risks during the building process • Disruption of emergency or critical care areas during construction • Inadequate safety protocols for workers and hospital staff Risk philosophy (1 page) Suggest what should be the new risk philosophy for the organization: -Proactive over reactive approach -Need to research philosophies for this topic and questions.. ***Need to locate credible sources for this topic Implementation Risk management approaches (1 to 2 pages) Provide an explanation and recommendation on which method should be used in a given project or situation. Risk avoidance- Risk avoidance should be used when a potential risk can be completely eliminated by altering the project plan or strategy. ***(This will be highly used and further explained in healthcare construction risk management) Risk transfer- Risk transfer is appropriate when the financial impact of a risk can be shifted to another party, such as through insurance or contractual agreements. (Transfer can also be related to the use of general contractors and sub-contractors. Will research and explore more in the final paper) Risk sharing- Risk sharing works well when multiple parties agree to jointly manage a risk, distributing the burden and responsibility. (Similar to transfer, talk about using contractors, etc) Risk retention- Risk retention may be necessary when a risk is deemed acceptable or unavoidable, and the organization decides to absorb the consequences should the risk materialize. (Need to research how to adapt this into Hospital risk management plan) *** Need credible sources!!! Risk measurement (1 to 2 pages) Explain each method and recommendation on which method should be used in a given project or situation. Standard deviation- Can be used to measure variability in project costs, timelines, or construction quality (*** Include source). Helps the team understand the potential range of outcomes and plan for unexpected delays or cost overruns. Alpha and beta- Assess whether a project is exceeding or falling short of performance benchmarks. (***Provide source and example) Sharpe ratio- Shows return on investment. Was the project budget costs and operational situation justified? Communicate (1 page) Discuss how the organizational leaders should communicate the risk management plan with the employees and provide the necessary training. -Risk management is everyone’s responsibility! -Project manager to the construction crew. -The hospital must ensure that all team members understand their roles in identifying and mitigating risks. -The organization can provide training sessions that focus on recognizing common risks in healthcare construction, reporting protocols, and the specific strategies outlined in the plan. -***More research needed, find credible sources!!! Summary (100 to 300 words): *** Need to add addressing the needs and being a part of the community -add hospital reputation -word count on low side. In summary, developing a risk management plan for healthcare construction at LVC Hospital is essential to ensure that projects are completed on time, within budget, and to the highest quality and safety standards. A proactive approach is key to managing short-term and long-term risks, from identifying risks early in the planning phase to continuously monitoring and adjusting strategies throughout construction. By involving a wide range of stakeholders, everyone can contribute to identify potential risks and implement effective solutions. The hospital should foster a culture where risk management is seen as an ongoing process, not just a one-time task. Regular training and open communication will empower employees to recognize risks and respond accordingly. With a clear plan, the hospital can better navigate challenges, minimize disruptions, and ensure successful construction projects that ultimately benefit staff and patients. ***Need to review how the presentation aligns with the table of contents.*** (Out of sequence) ***Additional References to be added*** Edwards, P. J., Serra, P. V., & Edwards, M. (2019). Managing project risks. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119489719 Kendrick, T. (2015). Identifying and managing project risk: Essential tools for failure-proofing your project (3rd ed.). AMACON. Luxon L. (2015, February 15). Infrastructure - the key to healthcare improvement. Future Healthcare Journal:4-7. doi: 10.7861/futurehosp.2-1-4. PMID: 31098066; PMCID: PMC6465866. Nabers, M. S. (2025, January 28). Construction of healthcare facilities expected to surge in 2025 and 2026. For Construction Pros. https://www.forconstructionpros.com/business/busin.... Pascarella, G., Rossi, M., Montella, E., Capasso, A., De Feo, G., Botti, G., Nardone, A., Montuori, P., Triassi, M., D'Auria, S., & Morabito, A. (2021). Risk Analysis in Healthcare Organizations: Methodological Framework and Critical Variables. Risk management and healthcare policy, 14, 2897–2911. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S309098 Classmate 2: Risk Management Plan for Quanex Steve Powers The University of Arizona Global Campus PRM400: Project Risk Management Professor Gail Hoskyns-Long January 29, 2025 Risk Management Plan (RMP) for Quanex Quanex (NYSE: NX) is a global manufacturing leader providing building products for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). It serves the fenestration, hardware, cabinetry, solar, refrigeration, security, and outdoor markets. Recently, Quanex has decided to close a fenestration production facility in Richmond, Kentucky. This facility has been part of Quanex since 2004 providing PVC window and door profiles for window manufacturers across the Midwest, North, Northeast, South, and parts of the Southeast. Closing this facility will require Quanex to face some very large challenges and risks. The efforts involved include moving equipment to other facilities, informing customers of their options during and after this transition, staffing at the remaining facilities, and scheduling and logistical issues. The Purpose of this plan is to help Quanex identify all the risks involved during and after the transition of closing this facility. Contents Page 1.0 Industry/Organization 2.0 Position in Marketplace 3.0 Drawbacks of No RMP 4.0 Risk Identification and Assessment 5.0 Risk Management Process 6.0 How to Research Risk 7.0 Classify Risks 8.0 Risk Philosophy 9.0 Implementation 10.0 Risk Measurement 11.0 Communicate 12.0 Conclusion 1.0 Industry/ Organization Overview Quanex Building Products Corporation makes products for windows, doors, vinyl fences solar panels, refrigerators, and cabinets worldwide. The company has three main parts: North American Fenestration, which makes vinyl profiles and insulating glass parts; European Fenestration, which includes vinyl extrusion and insulating glass businesses in the UK; and North American Cabinet Components, which makes cabinet doors and parts. Quanex works with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to create custom-built product answers for different construction uses. Quanex number of employees as of 10/31/2023 was 3,792 and as of 12/07/2023, there are approximately 1,535 shareholders (Mergent Online, 2025). 2.0 Position in Marketplace Quanex sits sixth out of eight companies competing in this market. They are behind Masco Corp., Jeld-WEN Holding Inc., LCI Industries, Griffon Corp., and Gibraltar Industries INC. Quanex, s products face tough competition in the market. Theycompete with many companies, some of which have more financial strength. The main factors that affect competition in their markets are price, product quality, delivery, and the ability to meet customer specifications. The amount of engineered building products they make is a small part of what is consumed in the U. S. each year. In the U.K., their subsidiaries also face competition from larger vinyl producers and smaller window manufacturers. For the kitchen and bathroom cabinet door business, they are the largest supplier to OEMs in the U. S. but still face competition from other companies, including those vertically integrated. Quanex competes with various small and mid-sized suppliers of metal, vinyl, and wood products, as well as insulating glass spacer firms, mainly in the residential housing market. Key competitors include Veka, Deceuninck, Energi, and others in both the vinyl extrusion and cabinet door sectors. (Mergent Online, 2025). 3.0 Drawbacks of No RMP • More Uncertainty: Without a risk management plan projects will face surprises. Lack of foresight can cause big disruptions to timelines and deliverables. A structured approach helps teams to see what could go wrong and plan for it. • Resource Misuse: Without understanding of risks resources will be misallocated. Teams will overcommit or underutilize resources based on assumptions, not data-driven insights. A robust risk management framework ensures resources are directed where they are most needed to improve project performance. • More Costs: Projects without risk assessment will face unexpected costs due to crises that could have been avoided or minimized with proper planning. By identifying risks early organizations can take preventative action to save costs and stay within budget. • Reputation Damage: Poor risk management can lead to project failure or delay and damage to the organization’s reputation with stakeholders and clients. A proactive risk management approach shows you are reliable and professional and builds trust and confidence in the organization. • Stakeholder Doubt: Stakeholders expect transparency and accountability. Not having a risk management plan will create doubt about the project’s success and will get less support from investors or partners. Clear protocols for managing risks will reassure stakeholders that challenges are being addressed. Having a comprehensive risk management plan is key to successful project delivery. It reduces potential setbacks and improves overall efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction. 4.0 Risk Identification and Assessment Risk Register ID Description of Risk Impact Risk Response Risk Level Risk Owner Notes 1 Losing current potential customers. Loss of gross sales. Respond with letters of intent. This includes a plan on how we service them moving forward. High CEO, Marketing and Sales directors, Operations managers. 2 Increased production output on remaining two facilities. Increased backorders. Lost or misplaced orders. Brainstorm production transition steps. High Plant managers, production managers. 3 Loss of equipment transferring to other facilities. No equipment to produce production at remaining facilities. Build a logistics plan with accurate scheduling. Med. Production managers, shipping managers and coordinators. 4 Not enough storage for extra equipment. Equipment damage, or loss. Look for additional space or additional facilities. Low Operations managers, logistics managers, inventory specialists. 5 Lack of employees to run extra equipment. Machines sitting idle, and increased overtime. Host hiring event. Mandatory overtime. Low Operations manager, and Human Resources. 5.0 Risk Management Process “ One of the most significant problems on modern projects is lack of team cohesion, particularly for projects that have geographically separated teams. Completing a difficult project requires teamwork, trust, and a willingness to look out for and help others on the project” (Kendrick, 2015, p.278. ) Risk management should be an ongoing dialogue throughout all phases of the project life cycle, specifically during the following key stages: Initiation Phase: At this stage, it is crucial to identify potential risks associated with facility closure, including regulatory compliance, environmental impacts, and stakeholder concerns. Engaging senior management and legal advisors early on can help establish a framework for addressing these risks. Planning Phase: During planning, detailed risk assessments should be conducted to evaluate identified risks further. This phase should involve cross-functional teams including operations managers, safety officers, finance representatives, and human resources personnel to ensure comprehensive coverage of all potential issues. Execution Phase: As the project progresses into execution, regular risk review meetings should be scheduled to monitor emerging risks and implement mitigation strategies promptly. Involving project managers and team leads will facilitate effective communication and swift action when needed. Monitoring & Controlling Phase: Continuous monitoring of identified risks is essential during this phase. It is beneficial to include stakeholders such as external consultants or auditors who can provide objective insights into risk status and effectiveness of mitigation efforts. Closing Phase: Finally, as you approach closure of the facility, a final review meeting should take place to discuss lessons learned from the entire process concerning risk management practices employed throughout the lifecycle. In terms of personnel involved in these processes, I recommend including: • Project Managers • Operations Team Leaders • Safety Officers • Financial Analysts • Human Resources Representatives • Legal Advisors • External Consultants (as necessary) This diverse group will ensure that various perspectives are considered when assessing risks and developing strategies for their mitigation. 6.0 How to Research Risk To research risks for a unique project, I recommendstakeholder interviews. Talk to stakeholders at all levels to get different perspectives on potential risks. Their input will give you context and highlight things you may not have thought of. Historical Data Analysis. Review other projects similar in size or nature to see what went wrong and what the risk factors were. This will help you anticipate what will go wrong based on experience. Risk Workshops are an effective way. This is done by running collaborative workshops with team members from different departments to brainstorm and categorize risks. Using techniques like SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) will help you have a more rounded discussion. Find anyone who may be considered an expert in your project details and acquire their input. Consider consulting with this expert gathering resources that detail risk management for one-off projects. Their expertise will give you new ideas and proven methods. Make sure you utilize ongoing monitoring. This involves setting up a framework for continuous risk assessment throughout the project lifecycle. Revisiting the risks you’ve identified will keep you proactive in your response. 7.0 Classify Risks Long-term risks are pitfalls that may take time to materialize but can have significant impacts on your association. They frequently relate to strategic opinions, request trends, and nonsupervisory changes. Sort- Term risk in discrepancy, short- term pitfalls can affect your operations hastily or within a brief period. These might include fluctuation in request demand or unanticipated functional dislocations. Functional risks arise from internal processes, people, and systems. Exemplifications include system failures, fraud, or mortal error that could disrupt day-to-day operations. Request risks involve implicit losses due to changes in request conditions similar as interest rates, currency exchange rates, and commodity prices. Credit risks is when the threat arises, and a counterparty fails to fulfill their duties under agreed terms. Compliance risk associations face compliance pitfalls when they fail to part laws and regulations applicable to their industry. Understanding these orders will enable you to assess implicit pitfalls and develop strategies for mitigation effectively. 8.0 Risk Philosophy Integration of risk management into decision-making ensuring that risk considerations are embedded in all levels of decision-making processes, is necessary from strategic planning to day-to-day operations. Continuous improvement and learningwhile establishing a culture where lessons learned from past experiences should be systematically integrated into your risk management practices. Collaboration and communicationpromote open lines of communication across departments, which helps enhance efforts to identify and mitigate risks effectively. Stakeholder engagement includes actively involving stakeholders in discussions about potential risks and their impacts, ensuring diverse perspectives are considered in your strategies. Adaptability and resilience are ways to developframeworks that allow you to be agile in the face of emerging risks while maintaining operational resilience. As mentioned by Collier (2023) “ All of the thinking about “what can go wrong’ can seem overwhelming and a bit scary. But that is obviously not the intent of risk management “ (para. 8). 9.0 Implementation Approaches Various risk management approaches apply to manufacturing projects with different methods. On their merit, risk avoidance, risk transfer, risk sharing, and risk retention can be effectively utilized depending on the project's specific context. Risk Avoidance: This approach involves altering plans to sidestep potential risks entirely. It is most effective when the risks are significant and could severely impact project outcomes. For instance, if a particular manufacturing process poses high safety hazards, it may be prudent to consider alternative methods that mitigate these dangers. Risk Transfer:
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