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Earthquake Seismology The goal of these 3 questions is to help you think about raypaths, ray parameters, and some simple and direct ways to infer Earth's velocity structure. 1.(6 pts). a) Using the travel-times curves (Figure 3.5-4) for earthquakes at the surface and at a depth of 600 km, estimate the ray parameters in s/degree for direct P waves at 60° distance. b) Find angles of incidence at the earthquake source for these two rays by converting ray parameter values to s/radian and using the velocities estimated from Figure 3.5-1 (also attached). c) In words and with a sketch, explain how and why the angle of incidence for rays reaching a given distance varies with the depth of the earthquake. == 2. (8 pts). The travel-time curve for Pdiff (sometimes labeled just Pd), the P wave that diffracts along the core-mantle boundary, directly tells us the P-wave velocity at the base of the mantle. The Pdiff travel-time curve is linear, with a ray parameter p dT/dA = rcmb/Vemb, where rcmb is the radius of the core-mantle boundary, and Vcmb is the velocity at the base of the mantle. a) Measure the ray parameter (in s/degree) for the Pdiff phases shown in the record section of Figure P3.4 (attached). Pdiff is the one prominent phase seen on each seismogram. How does this value compare to the slope of the Pdiff travel-time curve in Figure 3.5-4? (Incidentally, I published a paper in 2004 using seismograms from these stations, which were part of MOMA, a PASSCAL experiment spanning the eastern US that predated EarthScope. Station CCM is in Missouri, and station HRV is in Massachusetts. My paper focused on surface waves, not core diffractions.) b) Convert the Pdiff ray parameter to s/radian, and find the velocity at the base of the mantle. c) Using values of dT/dA from Figure 3.5-4 for Pdiff and Sdiff, find the average ratio of P to S velocity (Vp/Vs) in the mantle. d) Compare the travel-times of PcP and ScS at zero epicentral distance for an earthquake at the surface (0 km depth). What is the average ratio of P to S velocity in the mantle (Vp/Vs)? 3.(4 pts) The travel-times for PcP, PKiKP, and PKIKP are shown in Figures 3.5-4 and 3.5-7 which are attached. You can use an outer core radius of 3482 km, and an inner core radius of 1217 km. a) b) Use the travel-times for PcP and PKiKP (Figure 3.5-4) at vertical incidence (incidence angle 0°) to estimate the average P-wave velocity in the outer core. Include a sketch that explains your reasoning. Use the travel-times for PKiKP and PKIKP (Figures 3.5-4 and 3.5-7) at vertical incidence to estimate the average P-wave velocity in the inner core. Include a sketch that explains your reasoning. Time (min) Figure 3.5-4: IASP91 travel time curves for a surface and deep source. 40 IASP91: 0 km source P'P' 40 IASP91: 600 km source SKKP PKKP 30 20 20 10 ScS SCP SKiKP S P PcP S diff SS SP SKS PKiKP PP P diff SKP PKP SKKS Time (min) PKKS SKKP 30 20 20 ScS PCS 10 SCP PcP ds P PKKP SS 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Delta (°) 20 40 60 P'P' Sdiff SKKS SSKS PSKS SKS PKS SS SKP PPKP PP PKP PKiKP ?? P diff 80 100 120 140 160 180 Delta (°) Figure 3.5-1: Comparison of the J-B and IASP91 earth models. 14 Velocity (km/s) 12 P 10 8 CMB S 6 + 2 Lower mantle Transition zone Upper mantle JB model IASP91 model ICB S Inner Outer core core 1000 2000 3000 4000 ? 5000 6000 Depth (km) Minutes after origin time 13 14 16 Figure 3.prob.4: Seismograms for homework problem #3.17. 17 CCM MM18 MM17 MM16 105 MM14 MM12 MM10 MM09 MM08 MM07 MM06 MM05 MM04 MM03 m MM02 MM01 HRV 110 Distance (°) 115 120 Time (min) Figure 3.5-7: Ray paths and travel times for major core phases. (98°) 22 PKP B(145°) PKP PKIKP D(1229) B(145°) C(153°) A(177°) F(180°) 20 20 PKIKP PKiKP B PKiKP 18 Pd 16 14 100 120 140 160 180 Distance (°) Pd (98°) C(153°)See Answer
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Swedish Institute College of Health Sciences Instructions for Completing the Surgical Procedure Case Study General Instructions 1. For each new case, the student is required to turn in a completed Surgical Procedure Case Study homework assignment as part of their weekly journal. 2. The assignment is due at the weekly externship meeting. They will be turned into the instructor in class. NO LATE ASSIGNMENTS WILL BE ACCEPTED! 3. Each assignment must be different; a procedure previously turned in cannot be used to complete the assignment. 4. By the end of the quarter, the student will have turned in weekly, all required Surgical Procedure Case Study assignments. Specific Directions for Completing Weekly Surgical Case Study Assignments 1. This is a report that concerns itself with the case as performed. The required information is in the general style of a surgeon's post-operative report. 2. The following sources are allowed for use to complete the report: doctor's preference card, recalled events, the preceptor for the case and other department's (such as PACU) staff. 3. This is not a research report in which textbooks are consulted for information. As mentioned above, this is based on recall and memory. 4. When writing about relevant anatomy, make sure important information pertaining to nerve, vascular, and muscular structures is included. 5. Give a detailed description of the boundaries for the prep; such as nipple line to pubis, lateral bedside to bedside. 6. Make sure suture sequence and instrumentation are included in question 20 (list the procedural steps). Recount the steps of the procedure from recall, not textbook description. Focus mainly on the intraoperative phase of the case. 7. What is the purpose of the surgery - palliative such as to only relieve symptoms caused by cancerous tumor, corrective such as hernia repair, remove something, etc? 8. One Thing I Learned...DO NOT write something similar to the following examples: I learned that you have to be prepared ahead of time; I learned how the procedure was performed; I learned how irritable surgeons can get; etc. What is required is something that you actually learned from doing the procedure, such as learning how to assemble and operate a new piece of equipment or instrument, and state the name of the item; a way of using an instrument that was not originally intended; "trick of the trade" learned from the preceptor, etc. 9. Sign and date the Case Log Form. 10. Add the original Case Log Form to your Weekly Journal. 66 Swedish Institute College of Health Sciences Date: Student: Case/ Surgeon: Clinical Site: 1. Procedure Name: 2. Definition of Procedure: 3. What was the purpose of the procedure: 4. What was the expected outcome of the procedure? 5. What was your role during this procedure? 6. Patient's age: 7. Patient's gender: 8. Additional pertinent patient information: SURGICAL PROCEDURE CASE STUDY 9. Discuss the relevant anatomy: 10. List the general and specific instruments that were needed for the procedure: 11. List the basic and specific supplies that were needed for the procedure: 67 12. List the pharmaceuticals used during the procedure: 13. What type of anesthesia was used? 14. Patient position during the procedure: 15. What equipment was necessary for positioning? 16. What type of skin preparation was used? 17. Define the anatomic perimeter of the prep? 18. List the order in which the drapes were applied: 19. List any practical considerations that were taken Why? 20. List the intraoperative procedural steps - describe the preparatory and supportive actions you had to take during those steps: 68 21. What are possible complications that may have occurred during the procedure? 22. What is the most valuable information you obtained from scrubbing this surgical procedure? 23. Comments or questions: Student's Signature Date Clinical Instructor/ Clinical Coordinator/ PD DateSee Answer
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B 3-20 4.50 Kos BAC Cos BAC COS ABE COS ACB COSACB 4.30 D = 5.48 4.1/ b² + c ² - 9² 2 b c (5.48)² + (3.20)2-(4.30) ² 2 x S. 48 x 3.20 (4-30) ²+ C3.201² - (5.48)² 2x4.30 x 3.20 2 9² +6²-b² ? ??? (0.81) 0 => 605¹ = (35.68°) 4² + b²-c² 2ab = -(0.62) (05²1 = ($1.60) (-0.47) Cos-1 -192-781 (4.36)² + (5-48)² = (3.201² 2 x 430 x5-48 180 (51.60 +92.707 = 35.7 IL/n 10:16 pm Fri 24 Feb I won 88 a 9 Po Website Color... 7 3.20 B* 4.50 Intro To Struct.. x 2 ? A 4.30 Untitled (Draft) - Unis to apply to: X D 5.48 Geomechanics 4.11 ? Energy Science C Hint - drawing to scale may work easier than calculating coordinates Present this data however you choose. But note the minimum below Each Student should submit: 1. A sketch plan and summary table with coordinates 2. Any calculations completed to determine the coordinates 3. A summary statement stating whether the dimension may not be accurate and any reasons this may occur MacBook Air Next ?See Answer
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Overview: The purpose of this assignment is to provide students with an opportunity to apply the course knowledge and concepts of organizational behavior to an assigned case study. Students will explore the case and organizational behavior concepts by answering critical thinking questions and by preparing a report of their findings.See Answer
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1. To evaluate the performance of a new diagnostic test for disease X, the developer performed a trial on 100 people known to have disease X and 95 of them have positive test results. The test is also performed on 200 control cases known to be free of disease X and 30 of them have positive test results. Based on these data, what is the sensitivity and specificity of the test? (10 marks) 2. Based on all the information currently available, you estimate that Mr. Chen has a 0.2 probability of having disease Y. You order a diagnostic test for disease Y which has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 85%. (a) Suppose that the result comes back positive. Based on all the information now available, what is the probability that Mr. Chen has disease Y? Compute your answer to at least 4 decimal places. (5 marks) (b) On the other hand, suppose that the result comes back negative. Based on all the information now available, what is the probability that Mr. Chen has disease Y? Compute your answer to at least 4 decimal places. (5 marks) 3. A test with 95% sensitivity and 85% specificity is used to screen a population of 10,000 people for disease Z. Previous studies indicated that this population has a 10% prevalence rate for disease Z. What is the expected number of people in the population that will have test results that are correct? (5 marks)See Answer
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Written Assignment Discussion 6 1. Based on Celli's chapter, why were the 70s referred to as gli anni di piombo (the years of lead)? Given what we've studied about the social/political/cultural movements in Italy up until now, are you surprised by this phenomenon?See Answer
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In Gear Auto Restore CREATING A SELF-RUNNING PRESENTATION PROJECT STEPS 1. In Gear Auto Restore partners with a Pittsburg-area community college and offers internship programs for students interested in restoring vintage and classic cars. You need to put the final touches on the presentation describing the program and this summer's internships. Begin by adding an animation as follows: a. On Slide 1 ("SUMMER INTERNSHIPS"), change the duration of the man welding picture animation to 00.75. b. In the Animation pane, move the man welding picture animation up above the woman polishing picture animation. 2- On Slide 2 ("INTERNSHIPS"), adjust the car motion path animation by clicking the motion path ending point and then dragging it to the left side of the slide, as shown in Figure 1 on the next page. (Hint: Only move the red end point of the motion path. If you accidentally drag any other point on the motion path, press CTRL+Z to undo that action and try again.)See Answer
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A 4 (a) Determine all the elements of Z35. (b) Show that U = {1, 8, 22, 29} a subgroup of Z35 is, so (U, O) < (Z85, 0). (c) Find a subgroup of Z35 that contains 11 as an element. (1+2+1 Points) Please justify all answers. Solutions without a solution path will not be evaluated.See Answer
Description Instructions The following writing prompts were generated considering information from Enger Ch 13, Ch 14 and Ch 15 and Annenberg 7 and 8. Answer ALL questions completely to be eligible for full credit. Describe the hydrological cycle. Describe anthropogenic changes and the effect of those changes to water quality and water quantity. Explain the work of Dr Peter Kenmore. What is ‘Integrated Pest Management’ as referenced in his interview? What are four techniques that (large-scale) farmers can implement to protect their soils. Also describe three "green landscaping" considerations for homeowners. Describe the concept of Biomagnification. What are two substances that can biomagnify? What causes the annual dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico? List two detrimental consequences of the dead zone. This is your second writing assignment to submit. You should create a word document Typed submissions are expected. I do not expect perfect MLA or APA citations (or any citations at all) but I do want you to reference our class reading in your answers.
Description Throughout this course, you will be asked to document and reflect upon your experience in the class. This activity's intent is (a) to enable you to track your progress with your Environmental Footprint Project, and (b) invite you to reflect on the terms, concepts, and processes you learned about throughout the week. This journal task is intended as an exercise in metacognition or thinking about your own thinking and learning in this course. Your submissions will be evaluated by how well you cover your progress on making at least five lifestyle changes to lower your environmental footprints, and how clearly you identify and discuss content learned over the week. To prepare for this journal, Review Chapter 1: Understanding Environmental Science and Sustainability. Review Chapter 2: Understanding Ecology and Biodiversity. Ensure you have participated in all discussions and completed all other assignments and activities for the week. In your journal, Share your previous experiences, if any, with learning about environmental science and environmental issues. What previous courses have you taken on the subject? Do you have any previous work or life experience related to the subject? How might this class add to your knowledge of the field? What new topics or issues do you particularly want to learn about in this course? What concerns or fears might you have about this class? What strategies could you put in place to address them? Have you thought about where you might go for your nature experience project? Do you have any concerns about that particular assignment? Explain your learning from the first week of class. What are three new concepts or terms that you learned about? How has your outlook on biodiversity and ecosystems changed because of this new knowledge? What topics might you be interested in learning more about in the future? Look ahead to Week 2 when we will be examining how to sustain our agriculture and soils. Discuss some ways that this new topic might intersect with what you learned this week about biodiversity. How do the subjects of biodiversity and agriculture impact each other? List at least five specific, concrete lifestyle changes you will commit to making for your course-long Environmental Footprint Reduction Project. These should be things that you can realistically accomplish before the class ends. For example, buying a new electric car is marvelous, but unless you plan to do that in the next few weeks, it should not be included on this list. You will document your first week’s efforts in the Week 2 Journal, and you will report on the ultimate impacts of your efforts in a discussion in Week 5. The Environmental Footprint Report and Reflections on New Learning, Week 1 journal, must be at least 2 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA Formatting for Microsoft WordLinks to an external site. must include a separate title page with the following in title case: title of journal post in bold font Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page. student’s name name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus) course name and number instructor’s name due date
