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Capital Budgeting and the cost of capital. Excel and Word document required in response.

Description Final Essay- Keystone Assessment (30 % of your class grade) Judge the medical case studied in the following video: https://vimeo.com/175268137 In the video, philosophers applied the three major ethical principles you learned in this class: Kant's Categorical Imperative, Utilitarianism, and Virtue Ethics. In a five-paragraph essay or more, apply ONE ethical theory to decide the moral course of action in the medical case of the premature twins studied in class. Apply the ethical theory in each paragraph to support your arguments throughout the entire essay. Not using an ethical theory results in an automatic zero. Using more than one ethical theory results in an automatic zero. The keystone assessment will be graded according to the following aspects: 1)You have an introduction paragraph that introduces the moral issue in the video and the moral theory of your choosing. You also have a thesis statement that clearly states your position and how you will argue for it. 2)You choose only one of three moral ethical theories listed above as the cornerstone of your essay. i) For Kant’s Deontology, you include and apply his two arguments and Sandel’s three contrasts. ii) For Utilitarianism, you include and apply Bentham’s four points in his “Principle of Utility” and three or more aspects of his “Felicific Calculus." iii) For Virtue Ethics, you include and apply Aristotle’s “Golden Mean”, his views on universal virtues with their relation to eudaimonia, and three or more virtues from the virtue table (found in week 5 folder) 3)Each reason is communicated well and related to the medical case in the video. You use examples from the video to demonstrate your point. Each reason has enough detail to clearly illustrate your position to someone who doesn’t know too much about ethics. 4)You have a conclusion that neatly wraps up the gist of the essay. User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description City: Rockford IL. Do not copy and past from AI you can do any thing else to humanize the writing. Delivery Time 3hours 1 attachments Slide 1 of 1 attachment_1 attachment_1 UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW Community Based Learning Project Typically, students would do 10 hours of community based learning (volunteer work) during the semester. However with the current state of things most places are not accepting volunteers. Also for your safety I do not want to encourage any face to face volunteer work at this time. So, for this project, students are going to think about the needs of their community. Students will consider needs in their community and write proposal addressing a way that need can be alleviated. For example, have you seen a big increase in homelessness? What about child abuse? Or crime? Or Poverty? ANYTHING that you determine is a social need or social problem in your community can be addressed in this project. Pease make sure that you watch the video on Canvas that explains this project. This is an involved project, one that you cannot complete successfully last minute Please follow the instructions below and type this project up in the order of the topics. Students can choose to do this as a word document OR as a power point if you wish. As long as I see the answers and parts to the project, the format is up to you. If you do a word document you do NOT have to write it in paper form, so to speak. You CAN number as you go. 1. Think about the current state of things in your community. What are some problems people in your community face in your community? Poverty? Crime? Transportation issues? Please list at least 5 areas of concern that you have for your community. Feel free to talk to family and friends (please observe your local social distancing, face covering ordinances etc. per the current WCHD recommendations) about what they feel are issues. Keep in mind we are looking for areas of concern but ones where a group might be able to make an impact and lessen the effect of the issue. 2. Pick one of those areas of concern that you mentioned. Tell me more about it. For example, if you said people do not have access to bathroom tissue, tell me more about that (Don’t use that! That is just a crazy example) What is the problem? Why is it a problem? How are people reacting to the problem? What is felt by people because of this problem? Feel free to talk to family and friends (please observe your local social distancing. face covering ordinances) about how they feel about it. Really THINK about what is going on. Think deeper than just surface issues (for example with the lack of bathroom tissue example, is it REALLY lack of it or is it something that is a bigger concern). MANY times the issue or area of concern is outside of the topic in front of you. THINK it through. This should be a fairly long section – at bare bare minimum a page but more like 2 + pages is definitely a possibility ( but DON’T ramble!) 3. Now, think about what a group, you etc. could do to help FIX or temporarily make this situation better. This will be a challenge for you. REALLY THINK about what would make this better. Think outside of resources at hand. For example think about it as if you had a little bit of money and people and time you needed to make something work, what would you do. Do NOT plan this as if you have a million dollars and 500,000 volunteers. Go at this as if you are broke but see a need and that you will be able to recruit several people to help plan and implement your event. Again for example if the bathroom tissue issue lead you to the conclusion that people are afraid of lack of supplies what could you do to HELP with supplies ( Not just purchasing things ). What could a group do to say get donations, distribute them etc. 4. Plan that event. As you plan what is your goal? What is your mission statement? This will help to keep focus on what your intention is of the event. What is the issue? What is the solution as you see it? What needs to happen? Donations? Purchases? Where is the money coming from? Who is your target group that you will serve? How will you get information out to those who need it? If something tangible how will you get, say that bathroom tissue, to people? Where will you hold your event? Do you need permission from say a property owner to hold your event there? What are you going to do about traffic? Can people get out of their cars or are you going to require that people stay in their cars? What about masks and social distancing? Safety of customers/clients as well as volunteers? Where will you get volunteers? REALLY think about this as if you are actually going to hold this event. Think about ALL avenues, ALL issues, etc. etc. etc. Go as FAR out of the box as you like. Be completely creative. Come up with a new idea. Take bits and pieces of other events you may know of to create a new one. This will be the longest section – multiple multiple pages. 5 or more is definitely a possibility. I might suggest that you list each question, say in bullet format, and address each one, as part of your grade will be did you answer everything but also did you do more than just answer the above questions. 5. If you happen to have been involved in some sort of event since COVID 19 shelter in place, etc. issues you can use it BUT I want to see what you would change, what would have made it better, what were some issues or areas of concern. Really delve into improving something that has happened already. Have fun with this but also really think about the impact you are able to have on your community. Be creative. Be specific. REALLY plan this as if, say, a group on Rockford University campus wants to help the community and they asked you to plan it. Hey you never know! Maybe your group CAN implement your idea, when it is safe! As long as you clearly have thought this out, you have all parts (numbers 1-4 above plus all questions answered), you are giving me more than just a blanket simple answer etc. you will earn all of the points. Don’t forget that you need to upload your completed project (whether a word document or power point- or something else? Let me know!) by the due date. Creativity is 10000% encouraged!  Purchase answer to see full attachment User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description use the template provided and make the rubric in a table format related to the objective and the standard with some evidence to monitor students progress. UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW NJCU Lesson Plan Template/Form Lesson Title: Subject Area Emphasis and Grade/Age Level: Central Focus: Learning Standard (NJSLS): (Choose one standard from subject area) Interdisciplinary Standard: (Choose one from another subject area that will be integrated into the lesson such as Science, Social Studies, Art, Music, Play, etc) Student Learning Objective for Subject area (only one): Interdisciplinary Student Learning Objective (only one): Student Assessment: a. Informal assessment: (How will you monitor progress during the lesson activities?) b. Formal assessment (at end of lesson): 1. What content are you looking for in your assessment? (This must be the same as your objectives above) 2. How will you collect the assessment information (one-on-one discussion, graphic organizer, writing sample, drawing, activity sheet, observation, etc. 3. How will you score or evaluate the assessment? What is the “passing” score? Instructional and Learning Tasks a) Anticipatory Set: b) Modeling and Direct Teaching (this can be whole group or small group) a. List what you and the students will do step by step. b. How will you make interdisciplinary connections? c. How will you keep students actively engaged in multimodal learning? c) Guided Practice (This can be in large group, small group or in centers) d) Independent Practice: (This should be when your students complete the formal assessment listed above. Can be large group, small group or centers) What vocabulary words will you teach in the lesson? How will you get the students to use the vocabulary words during the lesson? Modifications and Accommodations for students with special needs: (List the specific students with special needs in your Context for Learning form and how you will help each of them.) Instructional Resources and Materials: Include a copy of your blank assessment with directions (or describe the assessment directions) and evaluation criteria here:  Purchase answer to see full attachment User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description Research Proposal on Reconceptualizing Relationships Surrounding Professional Sport and Labor Issues Why did you select the sport organization (or business) and what is the main issue of the organization (or business)? Professional sports have strong affiliations with labor concerns and are a perfect target for such a study; therefore, it is an ideal one. The most important issue regards relations between governing boards, player unions, and sporting organizations, namely in terms of collective bargaining, fair pay, and working environments. In the last several years, owner-professional confrontations have mounted, many of them culminating in lockouts, strikes, and contentious negotiations (Woods & Butler, 2020). In an effort to comprehend and redefine such relations in a form that will yield a fairer and lasting professional sporting sector, such a study will direct its inquiry at labor relations in this work. Why is the topic important in terms of sport governance and administration? Sport governance and administration depend heavily on labor relations because these relations determine how players get paid and how revenue gets distributed. League stability emerges from effective labor policies which establish both financial sustainability and equitable athlete treatment. Labor disputes without resolution result in strikes and lockouts alongside legal conflicts, which damage professional leagues and drive away fan support (Simmons, 2021). The research into professional sports labor relations will help develop better governance systems which focus on transparency and fairness as well as sustainable practices. The proper management of labor issues remains crucial because poor handling produces financial instability and mental health issues among players. How will you conduct SWOT analysis (e.g., interview, survey, experiment, observation, etc.)? Multiple qualitative and quantitative approaches will be used to perform the SWOT analysis for this project. The research team will conduct stakeholder interviews with active and retired professional athletes, together with sports agents and league administrators, to collect information about current labor issues. A survey distribution method targeting both players and fans will measure their understanding of professional sports labor relations. The research will use content analysis to study collective bargaining agreements alongside labor disputes and media coverage in order to detect recurring themes and important issues. Observational studies of high-level negotiations and analysis of past labor confrontations will then inform the SWOT analysis. What are expected results of your project? The project aims to prove that sports labor relationship reform will create financial security while improving athlete wellness and strengthening league management systems. The research indicates that transparent collective bargaining practices combined with fair revenue distribution systems and better player advocacy systems lead to improved labor relations. The research seeks to discover effective labor agreement practices from successful implementations, which will guide recommendations for multiple professional sports leagues. What are potential impacts of your project on sport fans, sport organizations, and local communities? This project's results produce important effects which affect multiple interested parties. Sport fans will benefit from enhanced labor relations because it reduces lockouts and strikes which enables uninterrupted seasons and superior competition. Sports organizations achieve financial stability through fair labor practices that build strong connections between athletes and management teams, which leads to better team performance. What are some challenges that might occur on the project and how will you overcome those challenges? The main obstacle in this research involves gaining unrestricted access to important stakeholders such as league executives and professional athletes because they maintain strict schedules and confidentiality agreements. The researcher will use alternative sources, including publicly available interviews and past labor negotiations, to address this challenge. The interpretation of data becomes distorted by the potential media bias that emerges during labor dispute coverage (Woods & Butler, 2020). The analysis includes multiple sources between legal documents and direct statements from players’ unions to achieve balanced perspectives. (That is my proposal ) User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description Question Write a 700- to 1,050-word evaluation of credible economists’ unbiased opinions on the benefits, costs, and results of current US trade and tariff policies. Complete the following in your evaluation: Evaluate how US trade policy changes in the last 2 years affect global trade activities by multinational corporations. Discuss credible economists’ opinions on the long-term effects of trade and tariff policy changes in the last 2 years. Explain the effect recent changes to trade and tariff policies have had on your employer, you, or someone you know. Cite at least 2 academically credible sources. Promoting international trade is not a zero-sum game. It is a win-win proposition; both parties gain from trade. Consider the following: Tariffs are paid by the citizens of the country imposing tariffs, not by the citizens of the country producing the products upon which the tariffs are levied. The term “trade deficits” is a misnomer. Every country’s trade is always in balance. Trade deficits do not mean the US no longer produces anything to export. The US is the world’s second-largest manufacturer and the world’s second-largest exporter of manufactured goods. Trade deficits reflect a strong economy. Trade deficits rise during economic expansions and fall during economic contractions. Unemployment falls as trade deficits rise and rise as trade deficits fall. Imports and exports are complements, not competitors. Both are necessary and both contribute to economic growth. Roughly one-third of all US imports and exports is traded between US multinational companies and their overseas subsidiaries. Foreign-owned companies operating in the US number in the thousands and provide directly or indirectly jobs for more than 13 million US workers (roughly, 10% of the US workforce). The US trade deficit in goods in 2018 (as a % of GDP) was the same as it was 5, 10 and 15 years earlier. The rise in the US goods trade deficit with China has not increased the US total goods trade deficit. It has been offset by reduced goods imports from other trading partners. There is a strong correlation between the rise in world trade and: The rise in world GDP The dramatic fall in the world’s extreme poverty rate The rise in world life expectancy For every US manufacturing job lost to trade between 2000 and 2010, seven US jobs were lost to domestic productivity improvements. Those seven jobs cannot be brought back from overseas because they never left the US. User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description Remember to support your claims with some specific evidence from the literary text. The Grandmother’s death in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find." Flannery O'Connor was a devout Catholic who in her own life suffered intense pain from the disease Lupus, which caused her death at the relatively young at age 39. She is famous for creating characters who are hard to root for and difficult to love, and she often subjects these characters to intense suffering, humiliation, and violence, often as means of showing the character some kind of religious epiphany (enlightenment) or redemption. Consider the grandmother in O'Connor's "A Good Man Is Hard to Find." Does her final confrontation with the Misfit help her find any kind of redemption at the end of the story? your opinion, is O'Connor's depiction of the violence inflicted on the grandmother and her family justified as a way for O'Connor to show the grandmother's redemption, or is the violence gratuitous? The Good Guys in The Road. Throughout the novel, the man and the boy define themselves as "the good guys." What seem to be the qualities that make someone a "good guy" according to the two characters' implicit definition? Do Papa and his son seem to be operating under the same definition of "good guy"? Do either one of them meet your own definition of a good guy? User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description Recruiting, hiring, and managing a great team is one of the key steps in launching a successful entrepreneurial venture. In this collaborative project, students will use human resource concepts and theories learned in the class and readings to develop a step-by-step plan for recruiting, training, managing, and retaining a team to enact the leader’s vision. DIRECTIONS Please use the sample outline below as a guide for your plan development. Overview Provide a brief, clear, and concise overview of your entrepreneurial vision and your vision for HR Recruitment and Hiring Section State your recruitment and hiring goals and explain the reasoning and rationale for this goal Discuss how you plan to accomplish this goal Discuss how will you measure your success Training Section State your training goal(s) and explain the reasoning and rationale for this/these goal(s) Discuss how you plan to accomplish this/these goal(s) and the types of training you will implement Discuss how you will evaluate your training programs Discuss why this training will be valuable to your entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial venture Discuss how will you measure your success Managing and Performance Section Outline your plan for managing your team’s performance and your accountability goals Discuss the core components of the plan and accountability structure Discuss how will you measure your success Retention Section State your retention goal(s) and explain the reasoning and rationale for this/these goal(s) Discuss how you plan to accomplish this/these goal(s) Discuss how you will measure success DELIVERABLES: Students will work on this Human Resources Plan with their assigned class team/venture. As a team, you will divide up the plan components and complete them independently while working as a team to ensure that the plan is complete and meets the assignment requirements. Your HR Plan should be no more than 7 pages. Students will also present a 10-15-minute oral presentation as a team. Please prepare a slide presentation (PowerPoint or similar program) using the written narrative submitted. Please upload a digital copy of your team presentation to Blackboard. The assignment should follow the standard guidelines for American Psychological Association (APA) formatting for paper organization and references and use Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1-inch margins, and double-spaced text. The page limit does not include figures, graphs, tables, charts, and references. This is a group project myy part only number 3 trainning section and u only need help me write 2 page content. I also send u what we want do we got model u need read it and follow the request do my part. so we try to use Ai trainning. Requirements: 2page UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW TechHorizon Organizational Chart 1. • • • 2. • • • Executive Lead (CEO/COO) Business Development & Partnerships o Partnership Manager Builds and manages relationships with educational institutions, identifies collaboration opportunities, and oversees partnership agreements. o Sales & Outreach Specialist Drives client acquisition, conducts outreach to potential schools and institutions, and supports sales efforts. Marketing & Outreach o Marketing Coordinator Develops and executes marketing campaigns, manages promotional materials, and ensures brand consistency. o Content & Social Media Manager Creates engaging content for social media and other digital platforms, manages community engagement, and drives audience growth. HR, Finance & Administration o HR & Operations Coordinator Handles recruitment, employee relations, and administrative tasks to support smooth operations. o Finance & Compliance Officer Manages financial planning, budgeting, compliance, and ensures adherence to industry regulations. Technology & Training Lead (CTO) Client Project Development o Instructional Designer Creates training materials, designs AI-integrated teaching strategies, and ensures alignment with educational best practices. Teacher Training & Implementation o Training Specialists Conducts workshops and training sessions for teachers, providing hands-on guidance for integrating new technologies. Ongoing Support & Consultation o Client Success Manager Maintains relationships with schools, provides ongoing support, and ensures effective implementation of training programs. Visual chart to be created. TechHorizon Human Resources Plan Empowering Educational Transformation, Reshaping the Future of Teaching 1. Overview Corporate Mission: TechHorizon empowers teachers to transform their teaching methods and communication strategies through cutting-edge technology training (including AI integration). By deeply collaborating with the education community, we build more competitive teaching teams and drive academic excellence. Human Resources Vision: To establish a diverse team that combines educational insight with technological expertise, becoming a global enabler and innovation engine in the field of educational technology. 2. Recruitment & Talent Selection Objectives: • • Recruit 30% of team members with a background in the education industry (e.g., curriculum design, teacher training). Ensure 80% of technical position candidates have experience in EdTech projects. Rationale: The integration of educational context understanding and technology implementation is key to addressing teachers' pain points. Implementation Plan: Targeted Recruitment Channels: • • Collaborate with teacher training institutions (e.g., Columbia University’s Teachers College, Beijing Normal University) to establish a “Joint Educational Technology Talent Development Program.” Proactively recruit senior professionals from leading EdTech enterprises (e.g., Coursera, New Oriental). Selection Strategy: Dual-Dimensional Evaluation: • • • Technical aspect: Hands-on AI teaching tool development test (e.g., designing a 10-minute AI interactive lesson plan). Educational aspect: Simulated teacher training workshops (assessing communication and knowledge transfer capabilities). Cultural fit: Prioritize candidates with a commitment to “educational inclusivity” values. Diversity Goals: • • At least 15% of team members should be former teachers. At least 20% of employees should have work experience in education within developing countries. Success Metrics: • • Key position fulfillment cycle ? 35 days. New hires contribute ? 90% to projects within six months (measured by customer satisfaction and training effectiveness). 3. Training & Development Objectives: • • 100% of new employees complete the “Education Context-Technology Solutions” Mapping Training within the first month. Provide employees with at least three immersive learning opportunities per year to work alongside frontline teachers. Rationale: Understanding the real-world education environment is fundamental to designing effective training solutions. The tech team must continuously grasp evolving teaching needs. Implementation Plan: Tiered Training System: Foundational Level: • • Educational Psychology Basics (e.g., Adult Learning Theories). Global Education Policies & Benchmark Cases (e.g., Finland’s AI Teaching Assistant Project). Technical Level: • • AI Teaching Tools Development Certification (in collaboration with Microsoft Education). Education Data Privacy & Ethical Compliance Training. Practical Level: • • “Education Field Week” – Employees serve as “tech teaching assistants” in partner schools. Quarterly Education Hackathons – Develop prototype tools to address real classroom challenges. Leadership Development: • Establish the “Educational Technology Innovation Research Fellow” program, funding employees to lead interdisciplinary research (e.g., “LowCost AI Applications in Rural Teacher Training”). Evaluation & Impact: Effectiveness Verification: • • Teacher adoption rate of employee-designed tools ? 60% post-training. Customer repurchase rate positively correlates with employee training participation (target r ? 0.7). Strategic Value: • Ensure technology solutions remain teaching-effective rather than “technology for technology’s sake.” Success Metrics: • • Employee-led educational innovation proposals increase by 40% annually. Teacher Net Promoter Score (NPS) ? 80. 4. Management & Performance Management Framework: Dual-Helix Goal System: • • Educational Impact Metrics: e.g., “Helping partner school teachers reduce lesson preparation time by 20%.” Technical Reliability Metrics: e.g., “AI-generated lesson plans achieving ? 95% accuracy.” Agile Response Mechanism: • • Direct feedback channel from teachers to the tech team via a “24-hour Needs Categorization Portal” (urgent needs get a prototype iteration within 48 hours). Monthly “Education-Tech Roundtables” where teacher representatives engage directly with product teams. Incentive Mechanisms: • • Educational Value Bonus: Quarterly bonus based on teacher customer ratings (20% of salary). Impact Equity: Additional stock options for employees contributing to educational equity projects (e.g., special needs school adaptations). Success Metrics: • • 95% of customer requests enter the development pipeline within two weeks. Cross-department collaboration satisfaction ? 85%. 5. Employee Retention Objectives: • • Core EdTech expert retention rate ? 90%. Employee mission alignment (measured via annual survey) ? 95%. Rationale: Educational technology requires long-term commitment; talent stability directly impacts partner schools' trust. Implementation Plan: Mission-Driven Retention Strategy: • • Educational Impact Visualization: Every employee can track their project’s long-term effects (e.g., “The teachers you trained have impacted 2,300 students.”). Paid Social Impact Leave: Five days per year for participating in educational non-profit initiatives (e.g., digital literacy training for rural teachers). Career Development Ecosystem: • • Horizontal Expansion: Tech experts can apply to become “Educational Innovation Ambassadors” and attend global education summits. Vertical Specialization: Establish advanced “Chief Education Architect” roles that blend tech and pedagogy. Unique Benefits Package: • • Employees’ children receive priority admission to partner innovation schools. Education Publishing Support: Financial assistance for employees writing educational technology books (e.g., “Instructional Design in the AI Era”). Success Metrics: • • Average employee tenure ? 4 years (above the EdTech industry average of 3.2 years). “Mission Alignment” as a reason for leaving ? 5% in exit interviews. Conclusion TechHorizon’s human resources strategy embeds educational value throughout the entire talent management lifecycle: • • • • In recruitment, we seek hybrid talents who are passionate about both education and technology. In training, we break down technological arrogance through immersive education experiences. In evaluation, we measure success by teaching effectiveness, not just lines of code. In retention, we ensure every team member witnesses how their technology ignites classrooms. This is not just a human resources plan—it is a social contract to drive educational evolution through technology. 4o  Purchase answer to see full attachment User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Description presentation Details:be a PowerPoint, • it should be 5 slides • The presentation should: o summarize the paper o share the main idea o present any interesting findings UNFORMATTED ATTACHMENT PREVIEW 1 The New York City Hip-Hop Revolution Student’s name Institution affiliation Professor’s name Course name Date 2 The New York City Hip-Hop Revolution Introduction New York City is widely known as the cradle of hip-hop culture. Starting in the Bronx and then disseminating across the five boroughs, hip-hop evolved from a local cultural phenomenon to a global sensation. This chronology reviews the period between 1973 and 1985, highlighting the milestones that modified the genre's evolution and influence. From Jeff Chang and Dave Cook's Can't Stop, Won't Stop (Young Adult Edition), this paper delves into the sociopolitical environment, cultural shifts, and key people that defined the early years of NYC hiphop. Timeline and Analysis 1973 – The Birth of Hip-Hop: DJ Kool Herc's Back-to-School Jam. August 11, 1973, is also called the birthday of hip-hop. That was when DJ Kool Herc hosted a party at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx and used two turntables to extend the instrumental "breaks" in funk records. This invention—now known as "breakbeat DJing"—helped shape things. Herc's approach allowed dancers, the "b-boys" and "b-girls," to showcase their steps during the break, thereby creating breakdancing. 1974–1977 – The Rise of the DJ and the Four Pillars of Hip-Hop With the development of the genre, DJs like Grandmaster Flash fine-tuned tricks like cutting and backspinning, refining the music foundation. MCs (rappers) began to gain importance as the voice of the people in the meantime (Heinilä, nd, pg 6-7). Afrika Bambaataa, who was once a gang leader with a vision, formed the Universal Zulu Nation to promote peace, information, and the four core pillars of hip-hop: DJing, MCing, breakdancing, and graffiti. The 3 move from gang culture to cultural leadership by Bambaataa marked hip-hop as a response to official neglect and inner-city decay. 1977 – The NYC Blackout and the Spread of Hip-Hop Culture The 1977 blackout started looting across the city. Many aspiring DJs and MCs tapped into equipment from these gatherings, opening up a boom of hip-hop parties in the Bronx and beyond (Chang & Cook, 2021, p. 308-319). This is the democratization of hip-hop—it went from minority to majority, setting the stage for its rapid expansion. 1979 – Hip-Hop Becomes Popular: "Rapper's Delight" The Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" broke the first rap record onto the charts as a commercially viable record. Despite the fact that the group itself was not a part of the original scene, the song's commercial breakthrough indicated that hip-hop was no longer local (Gomez, 2021, pg 131-132). Commercialization meant trouble to some inventors—the commercialization gave rise to popularity, but the authenticity was sacrificed. 1981–1983 – Media Acknowledgment and Cultural Legitimation Hip-hop began hitting television screens around the country in the early '80s. Shows like Graffiti Rock and Yo! MTV rap segments introduced mainstream audiences to this previously underground staple. At the same time, groups like Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released socially aware tunes like "The Message" (1982), which attacked poverty, crime, and city conflict (Chang & Cook, 2021, p. 302-305). This crossover illustrated that hip-hop could be a celebration anthem as well as a protest vehicle. 1984 – Beat Street and Hollywood Films such as Beat Street and Breakin' created hip-hop's visual culture with breakdancing and graffiti imagery. It brought the culture before global communities and cemented its cross- 4 disciplinary roots. While critics lament that Hollywood used hyperbole to distort the reality of the scene, the publicity contributed significantly to the culture's worldwide spread. 1985 – The Beginning of the Golden Age By 1985, hip-hop was no longer just music—it was a movement with its reach in fashion, language, and politics. Groups such as Run-D.M.C. were pushing the boundaries of hip-hop with other styles, working with rock groups such as Aerosmith on songs such as "Walk This Way" (1986, just outside of this period). This began a transition into what is widely referred to as the "Golden Age of Hip-Hop," an era marked by creativity, lyrical depth, and social significance. Conclusion The decade of 1973–1985 was transformative for the world and New York City. Hip-hop was a grassroots response to violence, abandonment, and social injustice, creating new paths of resistance, identity, and self-expression. The inventions of pioneering leaders, including Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa, and Grandmaster Flash, and the accelerative events like the 1977 Blackout and the release of "Rapper's Delight," demonstrate how hip-hop matured from Bronx street block parties into a global phenomenon. As Chang and Cook (2021) eloquently put it, hiphop was never anything less than music—it was "a blueprint for surviving and thriving in the face of destruction." 5 References Chang, J., & Cook, D. (2021). Can’t stop, won’t stop (Young adult edition): A hip-hop history. New York: Wednesday Books. https://notestomypastself.wordpress.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/05/cant-stop-wont-stop-a-history-of-the-hip-hop-generation.pdf Gomez, S. M. (2023). Form in Hip-Hop Music: Sections, Songs, and History. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5546/ Heinilä, H. 50 Years of Hip Hop? https://www.musiikkiarkisto.fi/oa/_tiedostot/julkaisut/50years-of-hip-hop.pdf  Purchase answer to see full attachment User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

and this ‘impulse to memorialize the dead’ (Maddrell