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1. Write a detailed description of what you ate at your last meal that had at least one thing that had to be cooked. Categorize each food carbohydrate, lipids, protein and nucleic acids.  Remember that most foods have more than one of the biomolecules  Be detailed and must be original writing.  You can share a recipe if you would like. 2. Describe how water and pH could affect the food or drink in this meal, such as in the cooking process, or in the taste, or in the texture, or in preserving the food. 3. What would happen if these conditions were changed during cooking or manufacture of the food - if the pH was much higher or much lower, or the water was too much or too little? 4. Choose one nutrient in food and discuss its importance. It could be protein, lipids, carbohydrates, antioxidants, a vitamin, a mineral, or water.

A) What observations lead Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace to propose the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? B) What inferences did they come up with? Natural Selection doesn’t produce the perfect solution. A) What are the limitations of Natural Selection? B) What are the three types of selection? Give an example of each one. A) Explain how lack of genetic variation limits evolution and provide an example. A) Explain how the Hardy-Weinberg equation allows us to find evidence of evolution. B) Could processes other than Natural Selection result in deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? List and explain each one: C) define what the process is and D) the effect it has on the allele frequency. Questions 5-6 are based on the following:Let’s say you are studying a population of Japanese four o’clock plants. In these plants, the allele for red color flower shows incomplete dominance over the allele for white flowers. This is very convenient for this experiment because you can distinguish the heterozygous (CRCW pink flowers) from the homozygous dominant (CRCR red flowers). For your experiment, you produced a large number of plants, 25% had red flowers (CRCR), 25% had white flowers (CWCW) and 50% had pink flowers(CRCW). Calculate the allele frequency of this population, what is the value of p & q? You transplanted them into different habitats and left some in the lab (using the same proportions in all the habitats). You waited a few years, while plants reproduce for a few generations and then you go back and resample the populations you’ve transplanted. In the lab, you ensured that all individuals receive all requirements to grow and reproduce and mate randomly. A) Is the lab population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Yes/No, explain B) If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what do you expect the distribution of the phenotypes after a few generations breeding in the lab? C) Calculate the value of p and q. In habitat A, you find that half of the population have red flowering plants (CRCR), and the other half have white flowering plants (CWCW) but there are no pink flowering plants (CRCW). A) What is the value for p and q in this population? B) Is the population in habitat A in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Yes/No, explain. C) Which one(s) of the five agents of evolutionary change could be responsible for these results? Explain. D) What type(s) of selection (stabilizing, disruptive, directional, oscillating, etc...) could be responsible for the results in habitat A? Explain.

Questions: 1.  Describe one of the three hypotheses you came up with and describe what you would need to test the hypothesis experimentally. 2.  What question(s) are you have trouble answering? None is not an option. 3.  How do zebra and quagga mussels affect water quality?  Phosphorus levels in the water? How does this relate to Cladophora blooms?  Explain in as much detail as possible.   4.  How does this case study relate to lakes in Minnesota or to lakes in a region of the world you are interested in?  Do an internet search to discover how the issue of Cladophora and/or zebra mussels affects these lakes.  

Scientist Spotlights is a worldwide initiative aiming to demystify Science and change students' notion that it is only for the stereotypical middle-aged, white, lab-coat-wearing male. The initiative ultimately aims to help students see that Science is for everyone, and all are welcome. I have gathered the biographies of different scientists who are in more advanced stages of their careers and who have made a large impact in the field of conservation biology and/or environmental studies. This is a very short list, but I hope it triggers your curiosity to get to know others. The document I have attached here gives you a short snippet of who they are, and their names are linked to the extended version of their biographies. Find someone you want to mention from that list and share why you picked that scientist/how they inspired you.

Forests on Forests (biodiversity, epiphytes) | Radiolab | Feb. 4th, 2022:

Choice one of the options for your discussion post: Review the video on the sleep-wake cycle. Discuss the stages of the sleep-wake cycle, the biological needs for sleep, and the impact of losing sleep in the human lifespan. Understanding The Sleep-Wake Cycle or Explore the relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and internal regulation of bodily processes. Analyze how disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle can affect the body's ability to regulate various physiological functions, such as hormone production, metabolism, and immune responses. Support your analysis with at least one real-life experience or scenario where you or someone you know encountered difficulties in internal regulation due to sleep disturbances. Reflect on the impact of such disruptions and propose strategies to optimize the sleep-wake cycle for improved internal regulation. Grading: To complete the discussion post for full credit, follow the instructions below:  A minimum of one complete paragraph for your answer. Note: a paragraph is a writing structure that requires a minimum of five complete sentences. These five or more sentences should represent a valid knowledge of the topic.  Use APA 7th Citations and Formatting Examples The Discussion also requires a Comment or Reply to a classmate's Discussion. This Comment or Reply requires a minimum of three complete sentences.  It is not only about the number of sentences, but the valid knowledge of the topic represented throughout the paragraph (Discussion) and/or the three sentences (Comment or Reply). And we are talking about "university student's sentences" not "Mary is a girl or Tom is a boy" kind of sentences... These three sentences should represent a valid knowledge of the other student's Discussion.  Note: Sentences just expressing your opinion and/or perception of your classmate's Discussion, and/or complimenting your classmate do not count for points, i.e., "I love what you wrote about..."; "You did a great job..."; "I agree with you''...

The presentation/report shouldcover:1) the motivation for the study, 2) the techniques used to address the problem, 3) description of their findings, and 4) discussion ofwhy these findings are relevant/novel.

People who are blind because of cortical damage can still synchronize their circadian rhythm to the local pattern of day and night. Why? This is your section to ask questions, reply, and provide feedback for the week prior to help us all grow a class. The standards for this section are as follows: Respect others’ rights to hold opinions and beliefs that differ from your own. Challenge or criticize the idea, not the person. Listen carefully to what others are saying even when you disagree with what is being said. Comments that you make (asking for clarification, sharing critiques, expanding on a point, etc.) should reflect that you have paid attention to the speaker’s comments. Be courteous. Don’t interrupt or engage in private conversations while others are speaking. Support your statements. Use evidence and provide a rationale for your points Allow everyone the chance to talk. If you have much to say, try to hold back a bit; if you are hesitant to speak, look for opportunities to contribute to the discussion.

Answer the following Discussion Forum question(s): How can 20 different amino acids create all of the thousands of different proteins we have? How do proteins achieve four levels of structure? Do all proteins have all four levels? What is denaturation? Give an everyday example of how humans use protein denaturing to our advantage. Make sure your answer is different from other students!!!   Response is at least 250 words long, answers questions clearly and correctly, includes examples/ideas that are different from other student . CiItation for sources provided using proper APA citation. other students answer is 1- It is possible for the 20 amino acids to create the thousands of different structures of protein we have simply because there are thousands of sequences they can be arranged in! The order in which the amino acids are sequenced codes for a specific protein and its distinct characteristics. The smallest change in a sequence can entirely change a protein’s biological function. In addition, these amino acid sequences also demonstrate a great variation in length of polypeptides–they could have a very short chain length or thousands of amino acids long. Changes in the amino acid sequence can also change a protein’s structure. Most proteins achieve their desired structure via interactions between certain groups of amino acids. Not all proteins have all four structure levels in their synthesis process, but most have the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. The quaternary structure is made up of multiple polypeptide chains, making it the most complex structure (Khan Academy, 2015). Denaturation describes the process of breaking weak bonds within a protein that alters its structure and biological function; these proteins generally become non-functional (Khan Academy, 2015). The proteins will simply be reduced to their primary structure. Denaturation can be caused by many factors, some of which are changes in temperature and pH that put proteins outside of their optimal conditions, therefore limiting their effectiveness and function. Humans often denature proteins to our advantage, and one common example is cooking eggs or raw meat, making them safer to eat and easier to digest. Cooking these food items also kills potential pathogens that are harmful to our digestive system, like salmonella.  Citations: Khan Academy. (2015). Orders of Protein Structure. Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/macromolecules/proteins-and-amino-acids/a/orders-of-protein-structure.  2- Twenty different amino acids create thousands of different proteins through the vast array of possible sequences and combinations. Each amino acid sequence, determined by the order of nucleotides in DNA, forms a unique polypeptide chain. These chains fold into specific shapes, achieving four levels of structure that determine the protein's function. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary structure arises from hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms in the polypeptide chain, forming ?-helices and ?-pleated sheets. The tertiary structure results from interactions between the side chains (R groups) of the amino acids, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges, giving the protein a three-dimensional shape. The quaternary structure occurs when two or more polypeptide chains (subunits) join to form a functional protein complex. Not all proteins have all four levels of structure. Some proteins, like myoglobin, consist of a single polypeptide chain and only achieve tertiary structure. In contrast, proteins like hemoglobin, which have multiple polypeptide subunits, exhibit quaternary structure. Denaturation is the process by which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions, often caused by changes in pH, temperature, or exposure to chemicals. This loss of structure results in the loss of function. An everyday example of protein denaturation is cooking an egg. The heat from cooking breaks the weak interactions in the egg white proteins, causing them to unfold and coagulate into a solid, white mass. This denaturation process makes the proteins more digestible, demonstrating how humans use protein denaturation to our advantage by making nutrients more accessible.

My species of choice is The Common Octopus/ The Octopus Vulgaris. Scientific name but be used as well.