Just question and correct answers Review Test – Chapter 7 1 1. Which of the following is NOT t ...
Just question and correct answers Review Test – Chapter 7 1 1. Which of the following is NOT true of sexual reproduction? A. An early evolutionary innovation B. Form a single, unique diploid (2n) cell C. The fusion of a haploid cell from each parent D. The only mode of reproduction in many animals E. All of the above are true 2. In multicellular organisms, the new diploid cell will undergo __________________ to develop into an adult organism. A. Binary fission B. Fertilization C. Meiosis D. Mitotic cell divisions E. All of the above 3. _________________ leads to the haploid cells that are part of the sexual reproductive cycle. A. Binary fission B. Fertilization C. Meiosis D. Mitotic cell divisions E. All of the above 4. Meiosis and ____________ introduces variation into offspring that may account for the evolutionary success of sexual reproduction. A. Binary fission B. Fertilization C. Mitosis D. Mitotic cell divisions E. All of the above 5. The vast majority of prokaryotic organisms employ meiosis and fertilization to reproduce. A. True B. False 6. Which of the following is NOT true of asexual reproduction? A. Asexual populations only have female individuals B. Can produce offspring by asexual budding, fragmentation, or asexual eggs C. Does not require another organism of the opposite sex D. In theory, the sexual population would have the advantage E. No need to expend energy finding or attracting a mate 7. Most eukaryotes reproduce sexually. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 7 2 8. What is the only source of variation in asexual organisms? A. Fertilization B. Mutation C. Recombination D. Reproduction E. None of the above 9. What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? A. Less chance of using up the resources in a given environment B. Sexual reproduction involves fewer steps C. Sexual reproduction is more cost-effective D. Sexual reproduction is more energy-effective E. Sexual reproduction results in greater variation in the offspring 10. The process of meiosis reduces the resulting gamete’s chromosome number by half. A. True B. False 11. Which of the following restores the diploid condition in a sexual life cycle? A. Binary fission B. Fertilization C. Meiosis D. Mitotic cell divisions E. All of the above 12. Which of the following life cycle does human have? A. Alternation of generations B. An asexual life cycle C. Diploid-dominant D. Haploid-dominant E. All of the above 13. Which of the following life cycle do all fungi have? A. Alternation of generations B. An asexual life cycle C. Diploid-dominant D. Haploid-dominant E. All of the above 14. Which type of life cycle has both a haploid and diploid multicellular stage? A. Alternation of generations B. An asexual life cycle C. Diploid-dominant D. Haploid-dominant E. All of the above BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 7 3 15. Which of the following is NOT true of sexually reproducing organisms? A. Nearly all animals are diploid-dominant B. The gametes are produced from diploid germ cells C. The only haploid cells produced by the organism are the gametes D. There is multicellular haploid life stage E. All of the above are true 16. Which of the following is NOT true of fertilization? A. Occurs with the fusion of two gametes B. Required for sexual reproduction C. Restores the diploid state D. Two gametes are usually from different individuals E. All of the above are true 17. Cells containing two sets of chromosomes are called diploid. A. True B. False 18. ____________ reduces the number of chromosome sets. A. Binary fission B. Fertilization C. Meiosis D. Mitosis E. All of the above 19. Most animals and plants are diploid. A. True B. False 20. Which of the following is NOT true of homologous chromosomes? A. Two copies of each chromosome B. Matched pairs containing genes for the same traits in identical locations along their length C. Found in somatic cells D. Diploid organisms inherit one copy of each homologous chromosome from each parent E. All of the above are true 21. Which of the following is NOT true of meiosis? A. Employs many of the same mechanisms as mitosis B. Forms haploid cells C. The nuclear division D. The starting nucleus is always diploid E. All of the above are true BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 7 4 22. Meiosis consists of one round of chromosome duplication and two rounds of nuclear division. A. True B. False 23. Which of the following is NOT true of meiosis I? A. Create unique recombinant chromosomes B. Reduces the number of chromosome sets from two to one C. The division takes place in a way that is similar to mitosis D. The genetic information is mixed during this division E. All of the above are true 24. Which of the following is NOT true of interphase? A. Consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases B. Followed by meiosis C. The DNA of the chromosomes is replicated D. The G1 phase is the first phase of interphase E. All of the above are true 25. In the S phase, each chromosome becomes composed of two identical copies, called ____________________. A. Homologous chromosomes B. Sister chromatids C. Sister DNA D. Synapsis E. Tetrads 26. In the prophase I, the tight pairing of the homologous chromosomes is called ____________________. A. Homologous chromosomes B. Sister chromatids C. Sister DNA D. Synapsis E. Tetrads 27. Which of the following is NOT true of prophase I? A. An exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister homologous chromatids occurs B. The first phase of meiosis I C. The chromosomes can be seen clearly microscopically D. The nuclear envelope begins to break down E. All of the above are true 28. The crossover events are the first source of genetic variation produced by meiosis. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 7 5 29. Which of the following is NOT true of the crossover events in the meiosis I? A. A source of genetic variation B. Happens in the prophase I C. Leads to a reciprocal exchange of equivalent DNA between a maternal chromosome and a paternal chromosome D. Occurs between homologous sister chromatids E. All of the above are true 30. Independent assortment is the physical basis for the generation of the second form of genetic variation in offspring, which occurs during ________________. A. Anaphase I B. Metaphase I C. Prometaphase I D. Prophase I E. Telophase I 31. It is highly unlikely that any two haploid cells resulting from meiosis will have the same genetic composition. A. True B. False 32. The chiasma connections are broken in which of the following phases? A. Anaphase I B. Metaphase I C. Prometaphase I D. Prophase I E. Telophase I 33. After meiosis I, there is only one full set of the chromosomes is present at each pole, even though there are duplicate copies of the set. A. True B. False 34. In meiosis II, the connected sister chromatids remaining in the haploid cells from meiosis I will be split to form _____ haploid cells. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 8 35. Chromosomes are duplicated during interkinesis before meiosis II. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 7 6 36. Meiosis II resembles the mitotic division of a haploid cell. A. True B. False 37. Which of the following is NOT true of meiosis II? A. New spindles are formed in prophase II B. The nuclear envelopes are completely broken down in prometaphase II C. The sister chromatids are aligned at the center of the cell in metaphase II D. The sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles in anaphase II E. The sister chromatids are maximally condensed in telophase II 38. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Mitosis is a single nuclear division that results in 2 nuclei B. The nuclei resulting from a mitotic division are genetically identical to the original C. Meiosis is 2 nuclear divisions that result in 4 nuclei D. The nuclei resulting from meiosis are never genetically identical E. All of the above are true 39. Which of the following is NOT caused by aneuploidies? A. Cri-du-chat syndrome B. Down syndrome C. Jacobs syndrome D. Klinefelter syndrome E. Turner syndrome 40. Polyploid plants tend to be larger and more robust than euploids of their species. A. True B. False Review Test – Chapter 8 1 1. Which of the following is NOT true of genes? A. Carried on chromosomes B. Have the ability to be replicated C. Have the ability to be mutated D. The basic functional units of heredity E. All of the above are true 2. All genes are transmitted from parents to offspring according to Mendelian genetics. A. True B. False 3. What is the range of small differences and appears that offspring are a "blend" of their parents’ traits? A. Classical genetics B. Continuous variation C. Discontinuous variation D. Hybridization E. Inheritance 4. ________________ is seen among individuals when each individual shows one of two traits. A. Classical genetics B. Continuous variation C. Discontinuous variation D. Hybridization E. Inheritance 5. Which of the following is NOT true of the garden pea, Pisum sativum ? A. Used by Mendel to study inheritance B. Highly inbred C. Always produces offspring that look like the parent D. Self-fertilizes E. All of the above are true 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that made the garden pea an excellent choice of model system for studying inheritance? A. Grows to maturity within one season B. Large quantities of garden peas could be cultivated simultaneously C. Several generations could be evaluated over a relatively short time D. True-breeding E. Unexpected traits occur in offspring 7. The pea is naturally self-pollinating. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 8 2 8. Mendel performed mating two true-breeding individuals that have different traits, which is called ____________. A. Continuous variation B. Discontinuous variation C. Hybridization D. Self-pollination E. True-breeding 9. Plants used in first-generation crosses were called F1 (the first filial generation) plants. A. True B. False 10. Which of the following is NOT true of Mendel’s cross? A. Experimented with true-breeding pea plants B. P plants were cross-fertilized C. The offspring of P plants were called the F1 generation D. F1 generation of plants were allowed to self-fertilize E. All of the above are true 11. A _________________ is defined as a variation in the physical appearance of a heritable characteristic. A. Continuous variation B. Discontinuous variation C. Genotype D. Hybridization E. Trait 12. Imagine that you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What traits would you expect to observe in the F1 offspring if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green. A. Only yellow-green seeds B. Only yellow seeds C. 1:1 yellow seeds:green seeds D. 1:3 yellow seeds:green seeds E. 3:1 yellow seeds:green seeds 13. Imagine that you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. You cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds to obtain F1 offspring. Which of the following experimental results in terms of numbers of plants are closest to what you expect in 640 of the F2 progeny? Yellow seed color is dominant over green. A. 640 green seeds B. 640 yellow seeds C. 480:160 yellow seeds:green seeds D. 160:480 yellow seeds:green seeds E. 320:320 yellow seeds:green seeds BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 8 3 14. Mendel allowed the F1 plants to self-fertilize and found that 705 plants in the F2 generation had violet flowers and 224 had white flowers. Which flower color is dominant? A. Violet B. White 15. _____________ traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization. A. Dominant B. Hybrid C. Inheritable D. Recessive E. Reciprocal 16. _____________ traits become latent or disappear in the offspring of a hybridization. A. Dominant B. Hybrid C. Inheritable D. Recessive E. Reciprocal 17. Recessive traits become latent, or disappear in the offspring of a hybridization. A. True B. False 18. Which of the following is NOT true of Law of inheritance? A. Each characteristic is expressed as one of two traits B. Each individual had two discrete copies of a characteristic C. Those two copies are called genes D. We have two copies of each gene that we inherit one from each parent E. All of the above are true 19. Which of the following refers to the observable traits expressed by an organism? A. Allele B. Gene C. Genotype D. Hybrid E. Phenotype 20. Which of the following refers to an organism’s underlying genetic makeup? A. Allele B. Gene C. Genotype D. Hybrid E. Phenotype BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 8 4 21. Genotypes consist of both the physically visible and the non-expressed alleles. A. True B. False 22. Which of the following is NOT true of seed color in the pea plants? A. Seed color is governed by a single gene with two alleles B. The green-seed allele is recessive C. The yellow-seed allele is dominant D. When true-breeding P plants were cross-fertilized, all of the F1 hybrid offspring had yellow seed E. All of the above are true 23. The hybrid offspring were genotypically identical to the true-breeding parent. A. True B. False 24. Which of the following is NOT true of Law of dominance? A. The F1 heterozygous offspring expresses both alleles B. Homozygous dominant and heterozygous organisms will look identical C. The dominant allele was referred to as the expressed unit factor D. The recessive allele was referred to as the latent unit factor E. All of the above are true 25. Out of a monohybrid cross, all of the F1 offspring had the phenotype of one parent, and the F2 offspring had a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. A. True B. False 26. Which of the following is NOT true of Mendel’s monohybrid cross between plants with yellow seeds and green seeds? A. All F1 heterozygous offspring produced yellow seeds B. The F1 generation was allowed to self-fertilize C. The genotypes of the F2 generation showed a 1:2:1 ratio D. The phenotype ratio of the F2 generation showed a 3:1 of yellow to green seeds E. All of the above are true 27. The phenotypic ratios can be determined from a Punnett square without knowing the pattern of inheritance (dominant and recessive). A. True B. False 28. Which of the following is NOT true of Law of segregation? A. Paired unit factors (genes) must segregate equally into gametes B. Offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting either unit factor C. For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, a 3:1 phenotypic ratio is observed BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 8 5 D. For the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross, the three possible combinations of phenotypes result E. All of the above are true 29. Which of the following is NOT true of test cross? A. A way to determine whether an organism that expressed a dominant trait was a heterozygote or a homozygote B. The dominant-expressing organism is crossed with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the same characteristic C. If the dominant-expressing organism is a homozygote, then all F1 offspring will be heterozygotes expressing the dominant trait D. If the dominant-expressing organism is a heterozygote, the F1 offspring will exhibit a 3:1 ratio of heterozygotes and recessive homozygotes E. Further validates Mendel’s postulate that pairs of unit factors segregate equally 30. Independent assortment of genes can be illustrated by the monohybrid cross. A. True B. False 31. What is the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross in pea plants, which involves the genes for seed color and texture? A. 1:0 B. 1:1 C. 1:2:1 D. 3:1 E. 9:3:3:1 32. Which of the following is NOT true of Mendel’s experiments with pea plants? A. Two types of alleles exist for every gene B. Alleles maintain their integrity in each generation C. No blending D. In the presence of the dominant allele, the recessive allele is hidden E. Recessive alleles can be carried and expressed by heterozygous individuals 33. Which of the following does NOT follow the dominant and recessive, single-gene model Mendel discovered? A. Incomplete dominance B. Law of dominance C. Law of inheritance D. Law of independent assortment E. Law of segregation 34. Which of the following would be the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross when an allele is incompletely dominant? A. 1:0 BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 8 6 B. 1:1 C. 1:2:1 D. 3:1 E. 9:3:3:1 35. In the ABO blood-type system, both A and B alleles are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote (I A I B ). A. True B. False 36. Which of the following is NOT true of multiple alleles? A. Only two alleles, one dominant and one recessive, exist for a given gene B. The most common phenotype or genotype in the natural population is the wild type C. All other phenotypes or genotypes are considered variants (mutants) D. The variant may be recessive or dominant to the wild-type allele E. An example is the ABO blood-type system in humans 37. How many different genotypes are there in the ABO blood-type system? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6 E. 8 38. Eye color in Drosophila is an example of ___________________ . A. Codominance B. Epistasis C. Incomplete dominance D. Multiple alleles E. X-linked trait 39. When two genes are located on the same chromosome, they are considered linked. A. True B. False 40. Which of the following refers to one gene suppressing the expression of another? A. Codominance B. Epistasis C. Incomplete dominance D. Multiple alleles E. X-linked trai
