just question and correct answer BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 1 1. What is the smal ...

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just question and correct answer BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 1 1. What is the smallest unit of a living thing? A. Cell B. Organ C. Organelles D. Organism E. Tissue 2. Which of the following does NOT belong to eukaryotes? A. Animals B. Bacteria C. Fungi D. Plants E. Protists 3. Light microscope produces an inverted image. A. True B. False 4. Individual cells are generally transparent. A. True B. False 5. Which of the following is usually used by students in a college biology lab? A. Dissecting microscope B. Electron microscope C. Light microscope D. All of the above 6. Which of the following has a lower magnification but provides a 3D view of the specimen? A. Dissecting microscope B. Electron microscope C. Light microscope D. All of the above 7. Which of the following is NOT true of electron microscopes? A. Designed to give a magnified and clear view of the anatomy of the whole organism B. Provide higher magnification C. Provide higher resolving power D. Use a beam of electrons E. All of the above are true 8. Live cells cannot be viewed using an electron microscope. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 2 9. A scanning electron microscope provides details of a cell’s internal structures. A. True B. False 10. Which of the following is NOT true of cell theory? A. All living things are composed of one or more cells B. All new cells arise from existing cells C. The cell is the basic unit of life D. van Leeuwenhoek proposed in the late 1830s E. All of the above are true 11. Which of the following is NOT one of four common components all cells share? A. Cell wall B. Cytoplasm C. DNA D. Plasma membrane E. Ribosome 12. Which of the following is a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found? A. Cell wall B. Cytoplasm C. DNA D. Plasma membrane E. Ribosome 13. Which of the following is NOT true of prokaryotic cells? A. Have no cell wall B. Have no membrane-bound organelle C. Lack a nucleus D. Single-celled (unicellular) organism E. All of the above are true 14. Only bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. A. True B. False 15. Which of the following helps the cell maintain its shape and prevents dehydration in prokaryotic cells? A. Capsule B. Cell wall C. Fimbriae D. Flagella E. Pili BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 3 16. Which of the following can used to exchange genetic materials during conjugation? A. Capsule B. Cell wall C. Flagella D. Pili E. Ribosome 17. As a cell becomes larger, it becomes more and more difficult for the cell to acquire sufficient materials to support the processes inside the cell. A. True B. False 18. Which of the following is NOT true of plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells? A. A selectively permeable barrier B. Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins C. Regulates the passage of some substances D. Separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment E. All of the above are true 19. Which of the following is where many metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis, take place? A. Cilia B. Cytoplasm C. Cytoskeleton D. Flagella E. Plasma membrane 20. Which of the following is a network of protein fibers that helps to maintain the shape of the cell in eukaryotes? A. Cilia B. Cytoplasm C. Cytoskeleton D. Flagella E. Plasma membrane 21. Microfilaments are common in muscle cells and are responsible for muscle cell contraction. A. True B. False 22. Which of the following is NOT true of microtubules? A. Guide organelle movement B. Hollow tubes that can dissolve and reform quickly C. Keratin that strengthens hair and nails is an example D. The thickest of the cytoskeletal fibers E. The structural components of flagella and cilia BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 4 23. Which of the following are long, hair-like structures that are used for locomotion? A. Cilia B. Cytoplasm C. Cytoskeleton D. Flagella E. Plasma membrane 24. Which of the following does NOT belong to the endomembrane system? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Lysosomes D. Mitochondria E. Nuclear envelope 25. Which of the following is NOT true of nucleus? A. Directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins B. Houses the cell’s DNA C. The most prominent organelle in a cell D. The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure E. All of the above are true 26. Chromosomes are only visible and distinguishable from one another when the cell is getting ready to divide. A. True B. False 27. Which of the following modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Lysosomes D. Mitochondria E. Ribosomes 28. Secretory vesicles deposit their contents into other parts of the cell where they will be used. A. True B. False 29. Which of the following digest the food cells ingest and recycle organelles? A. Chloroplasts B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes E. Ribosomes BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 5 30. Which of the following are responsible for protein synthesis? A. Chloroplasts B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes E. Ribosomes 31. Which of the following are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule? A. Chloroplasts B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes E. Ribosomes 32. Which of the following carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids? A. Chloroplasts B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes E. Ribosomes 33. Which of the following structures are found only in animals? A. Central vacuole B. Centrioles C. Chloroplasts D. Lysosomes E. Plasmodesmata 34. Which of the following structures are found only in plants? A. Centrioles B. Centrosomes C. Chloroplasts D. Lysosomes E. All of the above 35. Animal cells do not have cell walls. A. True B. False 36. Which of the following have peptidoglycan in their cell walls? A. Animals B. Bacteria C. Fungi BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 6 D. Plants E. Protists 37. Which of the following functions in photosynthesis? A. Chloroplasts B. Lysosomes C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes E. Ribosomes 38. Autotrophs are able to make their own food, like glucose, whereas heterotrophs must rely on other organisms for their organic compounds or food source. A. True B. False 39. Which of the following structures play a key role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions? A. Central vacuole B. Centrioles C. Chloroplasts D. Lysosomes E. Plasmodesmata 40. Which of the following junctions is found in the epithelial cells lining the urinary bladder prevent urine from leaking into the extracellular space? A. Desmosome B. Gap junction C. Plasmodesmata D. Tight junction E. All of the above 41. Which of the following is NOT true of cell membrane? A. Carries markers that allow cells to recognize one another B. Consists of cellulose in plants C. Constantly in flux D. Defines the boundary of the cell E. Dynamic 42. Which of the following components of plasma membrane is found only in animals? A. Carbohydrates B. Cholesterol C. Glycolipids D. Glycoproteins E. Phospholipids BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 7 43. Both surfaces of the plasma membrane are hydrophilic. A. True B. False 44. Which of the following is NOT true of integral proteins? A. Found on the exterior or interior surfaces of membranes B. May serve as channels or pumps C. May span all or part of the membrane D. Move materials into or out of the cell E. All of the above are true 45. Which of the following is the third major component of plasma membranes? A. Carbohydrates B. Cholesterol C. Glycolipids D. Glycoproteins E. Phospholipids 46. Passive transport is a naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to expend energy to accomplish the movement. A. True B. False 47. Which of the following is NOT true of diffusion? A. A naturally occurring phenomenon B. A passive transport C. Expends no energy D. Substances move from high concentration to low concentration E. All of the above are true 48. The greater the difference in concentration, the more rapid the diffusion. A. True B. False 49. Which of the following is NOT true of facilitated diffusion? A. A passive transport B. Expends energy C. Involves transport proteins D. Materials move down a concentration gradient E. All of the above are true 50. Osmosis transports materials across membranes and within cells. A. True B. False BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 8 51. Which of the following is true of tonicity? A. Animal cells may burst or lyse in a hypertonic solution B. Animal cells may shrivel in a hypotonic solution C. In a hypertonic solution, water enters the cell D. In a hypotonic solution, water exits the cell E. None of the above 52. Which of the following is NOT true of active transport? A. Include diffusion and facilitated diffusion B. Move the substance against the concentration gradient C. Require energy D. Usually involves adenosine triphosphate (ATP) E. All of the above are true 53. The interior of living cells is electrically negative with respect to the extracellular fluid in which they are bathed. A. True B. False 54. Which of the following is NOT true of electrochemical gradient? A. Cells have higher concentrations of potassium (K+) than does the extracellular fluid B. Cells have lower concentrations of sodium (Na+) than does the extracellular fluid C. The electrical gradient of Na+ tends to drive it inward to the negatively charged interior D. The electrical gradient of K+ promotes diffusion of the ion into the cell E. All of the above are true 55. The electrical gradient of Na+ promotes diffusion of the ion into the cell, but the concentration gradient of Na+ promotes diffusion out of the cell. A. True B. False 56. Which of the following is NOT a true statement? A. Active transport mechanisms include pumps or carrier proteins B. Active transport mechanisms work against electrochemical gradients C. Cells must use energy to move substances against a concentration or an electrochemical gradient D. The energy required for active transport is harvested from ATP E. All of the above are true 57. Which of the following is NOT true of primary active transport? A. ATP itself is formed through primary active transport B. Move a substance, such as an ion, into the cell C. Often at the same time, a second substance is moved out of the cell D. Uses ATP to move a substance E. All of the above are true BIOL 1111K Review Test – Chapter 3 9 58. Which of the following uses the energy of the electrochemical gradient created by the primary active transport system? A. Diffusion B. Endocytosis C. Facilitated diffusion D. Secondary active transport E. All of the above 59. Which of the following is NOT true of endocytosis? A. A type of active transport B. Expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid C. Move particles, such as large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells, into a cell D. There are three types of endocytosis E. All of the above are true 60. Which of the following uses the process through which a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil removes the invader when microorganisms invade the human body? A. Phagocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Primary active transport D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis E. Secondary active transport