An understanding of the respiratory system is a critically important component of disease diagnosis ...

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An understanding of the respiratory system is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that oftentimes, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in the respiratory system is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans. In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the signs and symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.This week you have a paper that you will write based on a case. Here is the case you will use.: Case Presentation: Michael, a 58-year-old disabled construction worker, presents with progressive exertional dyspnea and a persistent dry cough which started 5 years ago. Oxygen dependent at 5L/min (non-compliant). Bilateral inspiratory crackles (“Velcro crackles”) at lung bases noted; no wheezing but has significantly reduced breath sounds. He has digital clubbing, and noted even walking to the kitchen or bathroom he has to use his walker as fear of “running out of air” and falling. He states he wakes up at night gasping for air at times and has to sleep in his chair in the living room and “I can’t even go to bed”. He states all throughout the day he does nothing but cough but states no sputum. His history notes he had asthma as a child and COPD diagnosed at the age of thirty from what was diagnosed at that time as “chronic bronchitis” [bronchial inflammation]. “I hate walking around with that cord like a dog-leash all day just to breath” “I don’t think I need it” and “I have been around smoke and smoked my whole life” [unfiltered – cigarettes]; “I just use an inhaler as I have for years when they diagnosed me with COPD”. He worked for over 30 years as a concrete mixer driver, frequently exposed to silica dust from cement. Over the last two years, his symptoms worsened, requiring continuous emergency room visits and treatment. Despite treatment with steroids and agents, his pulmonary function continued to decline, leading to his recent placement on organ list for bilateral lung transplant. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) FVC: 48% predicted (severely reduced); DLCO: 35% predicted (severely impaired gas exchange); FEV1/FVC Ratio: Normal (>80%). Vitals: BP 128/76 mmHg, HR 92 bpm, RR 24/min, SpO? 89% on room air 91% on 5-liters O2; Weight: 240 pounds x 1 year ago now with unintentional weight loss at 170 pounds. 1. Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following: Explain pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the patient symptoms and why patient is susceptible to more frequent infections. 2. Explain the pulmonary pathophysiologic processes of how smoking can lead to the changes seen in the lungs. 3. Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. --- Explain factors in the patient's history and lifestyle that could have contributed to the development This should be a paper in APA format not a soap not in bullet points. It is very important to review the rubric for this assignment Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. Rogers, J. (2023). McCance & Huether's pathophysiology (9th ed.). Elsevier – Evolve. Chapter 34: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Chapter 35: Alterations of Pulmonary Function Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children